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                  <text>Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa</text>
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                  <text>An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.</text>
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                <text>APF SOCG 252, 31r, 32v</text>
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                <text>Petition on behalf of CM Superior René Alméras to PF, [1662]</text>
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                <text>[1662]</text>
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                <text>Petition</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Madagascar</text>
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                <text>Petitions for missionary patents</text>
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                <text>Petitions for faculties</text>
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                <text>Petition on behalf of René Alméras to PF. He explains that after many obstacles which have impeded CM to send other missionaries to Madagascar, a ship will depart towards the end of December. Since the previous prefect is deceased, Alméras asks that Nicolas Etienne may be appointed as prefect of this mission, and that he, Robert Menan and Michel Manie may be given missionary faculties; CM will provide for their material needs. Lastly, he asks that Nicolas Etienne may appoint a vice prefect who will take care of the mission in case of death of the prefect. </text>
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                <text>Date discussed 1662-11-27</text>
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                <text>Additional comments</text>
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                <text>René Alméras</text>
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                <text>Addressed to PF</text>
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                <text>See for the PF summary of this petition: APF SOCG 252, 28r-v (database item 275).
See for the decision by PF, APF SOCG 252, 30r-v, 33v (database item 276).  The PF discussion is in APF ACTA 286r, 288r-289r (same information; not in this database).</text>
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        <name>René Alméras</name>
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                <text>Petition on behalf of CM Superior René Alméras to PF [1662]</text>
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                <text>[1662]</text>
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                <text>Origin: unknown</text>
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                <text>Destination: Rome</text>
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                <text>Petition</text>
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                <text>Italian</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Madagascar</text>
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                <text>Petitions for missionary patents</text>
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                <text>Petitions for faculties</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Petition on behalf of René Alméras to PF, asking for missionary status for Jacques de la Fosse, Robert Menan, Claude de la Salle, Maximilien François Cuveron [or Cuvron] (all priests of CM), and Michel Manie (lay brother). Alméras asks for prefect faculties for Jacques de la Fosse (until PF has appointed another prefect), however, he does not wish for the faculties of Nicolas Etienne to be revoked (which had been given two years before), in order for Etienne to become prefect in case of the death or absence of Jacques de la Fosse. </text>
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                <text>Date discussed 1662-01-30</text>
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                <text>Additional comments</text>
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                <text>During PF discussion's on 30 January 1662 the cardinals decide to leave the issue up to the judgment of the nuncio to France. The rescript in the minutes of the discussion read: "Arbitrio Nuncij," APF ACTA 31, 1r, 11v. </text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>René Alméras</text>
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                <text>Addressed to PF</text>
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                <text>See for the discussion of this petition: APF ACTA 31, 1r, 11v (not in this database).
See for the decree that was subsequently issued: APF SOCG 252, 25r-v (database item 273).
For the letter in which PF informs CM on the decision on the missionaries, see: APF Lettere 43, 88v-89v (database item 820).
For the letter in which PF asks Antonio Barberini Jr. for advice on the missionaries, see: APF Lettere 43, 88r-v(database item 819).</text>
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        <name>Destination: Rome</name>
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        <name>Madagascar</name>
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                <text>Petition on behalf of some Irish missionaries to PF [1661]</text>
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                <text>[1661]</text>
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                <text>Origin: [Scotland]</text>
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                <text>Destination: Rome</text>
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                <text>Petition</text>
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                <text>Scotland</text>
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                <text>Petitions for faculties</text>
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                <text>Petitions for missionary patents</text>
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                <text>Petition on behalf of Irish priests Carlo Horano [Charles Horan?], Giouanni Borgo [John Borough?], Bianchi [Francis White], and Giouanni Suineo [John MacSwiney?] to PF, asking for missionary faculties and provisions, so that they can work under the authority of the prefect of the Scottish mission, William Ballantyne. The petition is unsigned and undated. </text>
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                <text>Date discussed 1661-08-22</text>
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                <text>Additional comments</text>
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                <text>This petition was probably written by the procurator of the Scottish mission, William Ballentyne, since the handwriting is the same as that of other letters written by him.</text>
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                <text>[William Ballentyne] on behalf of some  Irish missionaries, [Charles Horan?],  [John Borough?],   [Francis White] and [John MacSwiney?] </text>
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                <text>Addressed to PF</text>
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        <name>[Charles Horan?]</name>
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        <name>[John Borough?]</name>
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        <name>[William Ballentyne] on behalf of some  Irish missionaries</name>
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                <text>[1659]</text>
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                <text>Petition on behalf of Vincent de Paul to PF, in which he reports that the last ship going to Madagasca has been put to sea, and that one of the four missionaries destined for the Madagascar mission could not make the trip. Vincent de Paul replaced him with Pierre Turpin, and therefore proposes that he be declared an apostolic missionary. The petition is followed by a few lines signed by cardinal Nicolò Guidi di Bagno which attest to his abilities. Discussed in PF general meeting of 27 May 1659. The cardinals agree to the proposal. </text>
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                <text>Additional comments</text>
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                <text>Minutes of PF general meeting of 13 May 1658 discussing among other issues, the request by a group of secular French priests who having already lived together for eight years, had formed a sort of seminary, where they are trained for the missions. They ask to be allowed to join PF and receive all privileges and faculties that are normally given to missionaries in partibus. They desire to go beyond their current mission of converting the Protestants of their area. Lastly, they state that PF will always be provided with candidates that do not have any temporal interests, and will be ready to be dispatched anywhere that PF chooses;  they note that several priests have been appointed as missionaries to China, Tonchino and Cocincina [Vietnam]. PF decided to postpone the discussion of the matter to the next meeting.</text>
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                <text>Petition on behalf of Vincent de Paul requesting permission to send three additional missionaries to Madagascar, namely: Claude Dufour, Nicolas Prevost, and François Feydin, seeing that a ship is ready to leave for the island. Vincent de Paul also requests that PF allow that the examination and approval of future missionaries for Madagascar, to be carried out by the nuncio, considering that the precipitous departure of the ship might not leave Vincent de Paul enough time to let PF know their names in advance; he (Vincent de Paul) also requested that the appropriate faculties be sent from Rome afterward.</text>
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                <text>Coste dates the petition after 3 May 1652, "car à cette date saint Vincent ignorait encore ce qu'était devenu Gérard Brin, chassé d'Irlande
par la persécution de Cromwel" (cf. P. Coste, ed., Saint Vincent de Paul: correspondance, entretiens, documents (Paris: 1920-25), vol. 1, doc. 1494) and before 29 May 1654, because at that date Thomas Lumsden was already in Scotland (cf. Coste, vol. 1, doc. 1746). However, according to APF SOCG 297, 292r, 295v (database item 300) Lumsden was already there before August 1653. Therefore, the document should be dated between 3 May 1652 and August 1653.</text>
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                <text>Minutes of PF general meeting of 13 October 1653 discussing among other issues, a petition on behalf of William Ballantyne and John Walker. They ask that James Crighton, John Smith, and Thomas Lumsden (all Scottish secular priests), be declared missionaries with the usual faculties, provisions, and privileges, and that also one of them be appointed prefect. The cardinals declare the three candidates missionaries in Scotland, and appoint William Ballantyne as their prefect. He will have the faculty to appoint one or more procurators in Paris, so that it is easier to convey the state of the mission, and to receive orders and provisions from PF. The faculties will be requested from the Holy Office, under the direction of the archbishop of Ephes, vicar apostolic of the Netherlands. </text>
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                <text>Minutes of PF general meeting of 1 April 1653 discussing among other issues, a petition on behalf of Vincent de Paul, in which he asks PF to declare the following priests missionaries in the Hebrides: Gerard Brin, John Ennery and Thomas Lumsden. The cardinals agree, and the faculties will be requested at the Holy Office. </text>
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                <text>Petition on behalf of Fra Alberto Di San Michele (a Discalced Carmelite), requesting a renewal of his patent (as prefect of the mission), and a subsidy from PF to cover travel and initial expenses in Madagascar. He states that he has not been able to secure the passage to the island as of yet, because he has to pay for the journey; the ship's captain (a heretic), although willing to take them, will not let them travel for free. A PF note on 122v shows that at the meeting of 25 April 1650, the cardinals decided to ask the nuncio to negotiate the travel stipend with the missionaries, and to make sure the amount would not go over 100 scudi. </text>
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                <text>See for the same requests that were made earlier: APF SOCG 248, 94r, 105v (database item  171).</text>
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                <text>Petition on behalf of Vincent de Paul. He asks that, since a ship will depart for Madagascar in the spring, would PF grant missionary faculties to two Vincentians: Claude Dufour and François Mousnier. He also ask that other priests of CM (which he did not choose as of yet), may receive the same faculties. In that case, he suggests the nuncio judge whether they are suitable or not for the mission. </text>
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                <text>Date based on the years that Dufour was proposed for the Madagascar mission, which was in 1550. This date is unknown for Mousnier. It might be some years later though, as Dufour went to Madagascar in 1656 and Mousnier in 1654.</text>
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                <text>Vincent de Paul</text>
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                <text>Addressed to PF</text>
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                  <text>An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.</text>
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                <text>APF SOCG 248, 117r-v, 124v</text>
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                <text>Letter from the nuncio to France, Nicolò Guidi di Bagno, to the PF secretary [Dionisio Massari], 1650-10-28, Paris</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>Letter from the nuncio to France, Nicolò Guidi di Bagno to PF. He asks for missionary patents for the Madagascar mission for seven candidates, so that Vincent de Paul can send them when the next ship is ready to depart (which is only once every year or two). The proposed candidates are: Nicolò Duport, Claudio [Claude] Dufour, Francesco Bissain, Edmondo Deschamps, Francesco [François] Mousnier, Antonio [Antoine] Maillard and Gioanni Dauid. During the general meeting of 20 December 1650 the cardinals decide to have Vincent de Paul send (via the nuncio) more specific information regarding who and how many of the candidates listed above, they plan to send to Madagascar.  </text>
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                <text>Date discussed 1650-12-20</text>
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                <text>Nicolò Guidi di Bagno</text>
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                <text>Addressed to Dionisio Massari</text>
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                <text>For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see: APF ACTA 19, 465r, 466v (database item 471).
See for the letter that was subsequently sent to the nuncio: APF LETTERE 27, 89 (database item 575). </text>
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                <text>Letter from the nuncio to France, Nicolò Guidi di Bagno to PF, accompanying the petition of Vincent de Paul, in which Vincent de Paul asks that Dermot Duiguin and Francis White be made missionaries for the Hebrides and Highlands of Scotland (APF SOCG 297, 257r, 266r, 261r (database item 296)). Signed and dated 7 October 1650. PF notes on f. 263v mention that the nuncio does not say that he knows them, nor does he provide testimony to their abilities. The petition was discussed in PF general meeting of 7 November 1650, and the cardinals approved Vincent de Paul's petition. </text>
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                <text>Published in P. Coste, ed., Saint Vincent de Paul: correspondance, entretiens, documents (Paris: 1920-25), vol. 4, doc. 1271, p. 93.</text>
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                <text>This letter by the nuncio was attached to a letter by Vincent de Paul:  APF SOCG 297, 257r, 266r, 261r  (database item 296).
For the PF meeting discussing this letter, see:  APF ACTA 19, 444r-v (database item 470).</text>
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                  <text>Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa</text>
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                  <text>An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>296</text>
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                <text>APF SOCG 297, 257r, 266r, 261r</text>
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                <text>Letter from CM Superior  Vincent de Paul to the PF prefect [Luigi Capponi],  1650-10-07, Paris</text>
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                <text>1650-10-07</text>
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                <text>Origin: Paris</text>
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                <text>Destination: Rome</text>
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                <text>Letter</text>
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                <text>Original, signed and dated</text>
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                <text>Latin</text>
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                <text>Scotland</text>
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                <text>Petitions for missionary patents</text>
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                <text>Petitions for missionary patents</text>
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                <text>Letter from Vincent de Paul in which he expresses his gratitude towards PF for all the favors shown towards the members of CM in Rome. He asks for missionary faculties for two priests of CM who want to go to the Hebrides. He thinks they are very suited, not only because of their zeal and honesty, but also because they speak Gaelic. If this mission is to be authorized, they will leave immediately. In an attached file to this letter the names of the two Irish missionaries appear: Dermitius Deguin [Dermot Duiguin/Duggan] and Francis White, who both ask for the missionary faculties. The letter signed and dated 9 October 1650.</text>
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                <text>Date discussed 1650-11-07</text>
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                <text>Additional comments</text>
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                <text>Both the original Latin text and a French translation have been published in P. Coste, ed., Saint Vincent de Paul: correspondance, entretiens, documents (Paris: 1920-25), vol. 4, doc. 1271. Coste wrongly entitles it "Au cardinal Antoine Barberini": in 1650 Luigi Capponi was prefect of PF. </text>
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                <text>Vincent de Paul</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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                <text>Addressed to [Antonio Barberini jr]</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>This letter was added as a memoriale to a letter from the nuncio to France to PF, see: APF SOCG 297, 260r (database item 297).For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed together with the letter from the nuncio, see:see: APF ACTA 19, 444r-v (database item 470). </text>
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        <name>Destination: Rome</name>
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        <name>Letter</name>
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        <name>Petitions for missionary patents</name>
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        <name>Vincent de Paul</name>
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