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                  <text>An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.</text>
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                <text>Letter from Alexander Winster to William Lesley, 1665-07-19</text>
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                <text>Mission reports</text>
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                <text>Letter from the prefect of the Scottish mission Alexander Winster, to its procurator in Rome, William Lesley. Winster explains that he had neither written nor sent any letters to date, for fear that his letters would be opened and read, due to the ongoing war between England and the Netherlands. He writes about the current situation of the mission, among which the fact that he now is the only missionary in Edinburgh, since also the Jesuits left that city. He has several requests: a) a house for the Scottish missionaries in a Catholic country to retire in case of illness or old age; b) more missionaries to be sent to the Scottish mission; and c) money to buy books. He also asks if PF could arrange that John White, brother of the only missionary working in the Highlands at that moment [Francis White] be sent to the same mission. He asks what to do with money sent from PF which he has yet to spend. Letter signed and dated 19 July 1665. </text>
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                <text>Date discussed, 1665-11-09</text>
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                <text>Addressed to William Lesley</text>
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                <text>For a summary of this letter (as well as other letters from the same bundle) and for the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see: APF SOCG 308, 206r-208v, 231v  (database item 331). For the discussion of this letter, see: APF ACTA 34, 203r, 224v-227v (same information; not in this database). </text>
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                <text>Letter from Alexander Winster, prefect of the Scottish mission, to PF. Winster explains that he had neither written nor sent any letters to date, for fear that his letters would be opened and read, due to the ongoing war between England and the Netherlands. Moreover he waited for letters from the other missionaries to arrive, which they now had (except for one), and that he is now forwarding them to PF. Winster writes about his current work in Edinburgh, and that many Catholics from the whole reign come to this city for the Parliament and the judges. On feast days he sometimes needs to administer the sacraments to 20 or 30 Catholics, and to say mass twice, since otherwise the great number of people might rise suspicions; he also notes that helping the sick is a difficult task, because he is the only priest in the city, and it is very dangerous. He describes the danger of conversion and of other activities that go against the local penal laws. In the Highlands however, the "harvest" is big, but there are too few "workers," namely Francis White alone; others do not speak the language. Winster notes that if it were not for the Jesuits present in larger numbers, it would be impossible to continue the work of the mission. Therefore he asks for other missionaries, especially for 'Joannes Blanchs' [John White] who would be very apt for the mission. He complains about the fact that no missionaries have come from the Scottish colleges in Europe, and that there is no place where the missionaries can retire, which causes them to leave the mission, as has already happened with Alexander Leith and Thomas Lumsden. He also asks for books. The letter is signed and dated 21 July (old style, thus 31 July 1665), and was discussed on 9 November 1665. </text>
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                <text>Alexander Winster</text>
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                <text>For a summary of this letter (as well as other letters from the same bundle) and the related decision, see: APF SOCG 308, 206r-208v, 231v  (database item 331). 
For the discussion of this letter, see: APF ACTA 34, 203r, 224v-227v (same information; not in this database). </text>
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                <text>Letter from Alexander Winster to [PF], 1672-08-13, Edinburgh</text>
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                <text>There are eight missionaries in Scotland. Three of them, Francisc' Blancus [Francis White], Francisc' Macdonell [Francis MacDonell], and Robert Monro work in the northern mountains of Scotland, and on the Hebrides. Six priests there would hardly be enough, since there are around 4,000 people. On the islands Morar and Bara everyone is Catholic, on Ovist (the biggest of the islands), there are around 700 Catholics; there is also one master in the school in Glengaria, Eug. Maccalester [Eugene Macalister]. They teach the youths from the northern countries English, because they usually only speak Gaelic; therefore they would need more teachers. They ask a annual pension of 300 scudi for Biancu [White] so that he can work as a teacher. David Burnet works in the county of Aberdeen and in Buchania and Joannes Irvinus [John Irvin] works in Marria and elsewhere in Aberdeen. Alexander Irvin works around Edinburgh and sometimes also goes to Tivedalia and the county of Traquair. Huntley has left his easy life in the Catholic world behind, to help them in their mission. Gilbert Gray is very useless for the mission and Winster hopes that he will be recalled. David Burnet has become the new prefect without any official authority after John Walker left. Walker is paralysed, and for three years he has tried to improve his health; he left London for France, and eventually travelled to Italy. </text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="143776">
                <text>778</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="143777">
                <text>APF SOCG 440, 568r-v, 569v</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="143778">
                <text>Letter from Alexander Winster to [PF], 1673-03-15, Edinburgh</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="143779">
                <text>1673-03-15</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="143780">
                <text>Origin: Edinburgh</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="143781">
                <text>Destination: [Rome]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="143782">
                <text>Letter</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="143783">
                <text>Original; signed</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="143784">
                <text>Latin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="143785">
                <text>Scotland</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="143786">
                <text>Petitions for faculties</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="143787">
                <text>Letter from Alexander Winster to [PF]. He has received the order to recall Gilbertu' Graium [Gilberty Gray] from the mission, but he has not yet been able to do this; he needs money in order to cover Gray's travelling expenses. He also needs a refund for the traveling money that he already gave to Alexandro Burnetto [Alexander Burnet]. He has heard that some students travel from one College to the other.  Its noted that they spend their time traveling instead of studying, and that the Colleges also receive them without any letters of reccomendation; that is why he asks PF not to accept any students in the Colleges without these letters. As future missionaries, the students are the future of the mission. Altogether there are not more than eight missionaries and one schoolmaster; Gray has had his faculties revoked. Three of the missionaries are Franc' Blanc' [Francis White], Fran' Macdonal [Francis Mcdonnel] and Robert' Monro, who along with the schoolmaster work in the mountain areas. They would actually need six priests there, since there are 4,000 Christians. David Burnett' works in the lower areas, usually in Buchan and sometimes also in 'Mernia' [The Mearns?].  Joannes Irvinus [John Irvin] works in Marr and Aberdeen, and Alex'r Lesleus [Alexander Lesley] works in Strathbogie; Alex'r Ivinus [Alexander Irvin] works in southern Scotland, close to 'Tuedam' and also occassionaly in Edinburgh. The Marquess of Huntly helps all the missionaries and those in the Catholic faith in the area. He hopes that PF will send them missionaries, and provide money. Nobody in the mission currently has the faculties to consecrate portable altars and chalices, as had been granted to Winster in his old faculties. There is a great need for someone who is allowed to do this, and as there is not even one bishop on the whole island, they are not able to get the Holy oils. </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="143788">
                <text>Date discussed: 1673-08-02</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="143789">
                <text>Additional comments</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="143790">
                <text>Alexander Winster</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="143791">
                <text>Adressed to [PF]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="143792">
                <text>For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see: APF ACTA 42, 165r, 189v-191r (not in this database).
This letter was first received by the nuncio and thereafter sent to PF: APF SOCG 440, 565r, 570v (database item 777).
This letter has also been summarized, together with other letters: APF SOCG 440, 563r-v (database item 775).
The answer to this letter is: APF LETTERE 61, 64v-65r (database item 613).</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="2445">
        <name>Alexander Winster</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2261">
        <name>Destination: [Rome]</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="38">
        <name>Letter</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2444">
        <name>Origin: Edinburgh</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="11">
        <name>Petitions for faculties</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2302">
        <name>Scotland</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
