1
30
21
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
302
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF SOCG 297,324r-331v
Title
A name given to the resource
Report by [William Ballantyne] on Scottish mission [1654]
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
[1654]
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: unknown
Destination:
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Report
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Original, unsigned and undated
Language
A language of the resource
Latin
Subject
The topic of the resource
Scotland
Mission reports
Conversion
Capuchins
Jesuits
Description
An account of the resource
Report from the superior of the Scottish mission, William Ballantyne, to PF. It describes the importance of the mission, the political situation, and the relationship between Protestants and Catholics in the country. The report also lists all the missionaries and their activities: a) secular priests, Ioannes Smiteus [John Smith] and Jacobus Crittonius [James Crichton] who both work in Galloway, Nithsdale and Lauderdale (all in the south). [Joannes Valcherus] John Walker and Thomas Lumsdenus [Thomas Lumsden] work in the territories of the Huntly family; the report also states there are three Irish priests working in the Highlands and on the islands; b) regular priests, Roger Lindzaius [Roger Lindsay], a Capuchin who is already "in officio" for 45 years, and Father Primrosius [Primrose] who works in Lothian; and c) priests from the Society of Jesus, Father Hall, Father Maxuellius [Maxwell], Father Macbreccus [Macbreccus], Father George Lesleus [Lesley], Father Joannes Smiteus [John Smith], Father Grantius [Grant] and Father Andreas Lesleus [Andrew Lesley]. The superior then goes on explaining family ties of important Catholic families, and describing which members of these families have been (re)converted.
Additional comments
The document is not dated but a (PF) note on 324r states the year 1654.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
[William Ballantyne]
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Addressed to PF
[William Ballantyne]
Capuchins
Conversion
Destination:
Jesuits
Mission reports
Origin: unknown
Report
Scotland
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
305
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF SOCG 297, 364r-v, 369r-v
Title
A name given to the resource
William Lesley to the PF prefect [Antonio Barberini jr.], 1655-04-15, Rome
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1655-04-15
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: Rome
Destination: [Rome]
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Letter
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Original, signed and dated
Language
A language of the resource
Latin
Subject
The topic of the resource
Scotland
Jesuits
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from William Lesley to the prefect of PF. He writes regarding the tense political situation in Scotland, and that three priests have been imprisoned: Jesuit Grantius [Grant], CM priest Whytus [Francis White], and John Walker. Lesley writes that Vincent de Paul has already taken action and asked the queen of France to intercede. Its noted that others are also trying to put pression on the Cromwelian government, to release the priests. The letter states that Lesley has been informed about these developments by Robert Barclay. The letter is signed and dated 15 April 1655.
Additional comments
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
William Lesley
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Addressed to [Antonio Barberini jr.]
Destination: [Rome]
Jesuits
Letter
Origin: Rome
Scotland
William Lesley
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
487
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF ACTA 27, 69r, 83r-85v, issue 12
Title
A name given to the resource
PF minutes, 1658-02-18, Rome
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1658-02-18
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: Rome
Destination:
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Minutes
Language
A language of the resource
Latin
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
France (missions in)
Levant
Jesuits
Barbary (unspecified or several locations)
Description
An account of the resource
Minutes of PF general meeting of 18 February 1658 discussing among other issues, a letter about the great rise of pious initiatives in France, by a certain Du Plessis. He writes about several successes: how Jansenism is being fought, that there are French missions in the Levant, on the British Isles, in America and Canada, on the Barbary Coast, and in the regions of Picardy and Champagne. Parishes are flourishing, as does the "charity of the Ladies" [the Ladies of Charity?]. Small companies grow, people are trying to abolish duels and swearing. The much desired general hospital has been established, and the poor are being cared for in Paris. The cardinals decide to ask more information about the content and authority of the letter.
Additional comments
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
PF
Barbary (unspecified or several locations)
Destination:
France (missions in)
Jesuits
Levant
Minutes
Origin: Rome
PF
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
486
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF ACTA 27, 69r, 71r-72v, issue 4
Title
A name given to the resource
PF minutes, 1658-02-18, Rome
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1658-02-18
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: Rome
Destination:
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Minutes
Language
A language of the resource
Latin
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
Poland
Jesuits
Description
An account of the resource
Minutes of PF general meeting of 18 February 1658 discussing among other issues, the missions in Poland. The nuncio to Poland writes that the missionaries never report anything to him. He also proposes the foundation of a college to educate the secular clergy, in 'Leopoli' [L'viv]; he moreover says that only zealous missionaries should be sent, and that the provisions should be higher. Missionaries who do not know the language should first practice some years in a convent in Cracow or L'viv. In every region the prefect should be virtuous and esteemed by the missionaries, and he should report often to the nuncio and to PF. Lastly he says that the missions of the Jesuits and other religious orders from Prussia are very successful. The cardinals decided: a) that the missionaries should be led by (and subject to) the nuncio of their region, or via another way subject to PF; b) that missionaries should not be sent to the mission unless PF has been informed about their life and behavior, not only from their own superiors but also from the local bishop; and c) the state of the mission, its missionaries and colleges has to be examined to see whether the foundation of a college in L'viv is desirable.
Additional comments
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
PF
Destination:
Jesuits
Minutes
Origin: Rome
PF
Poland
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
261
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF SOCG 252, 4r-5v
Title
A name given to the resource
Anonymous report with news about missions in Pegu, Persia and Madagascar
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
[1660]
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: unknown
Destination:
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Report
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Original, unsigned and undated
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
Madagascar
Franciscans
Capuchins
Jesuits
Other religious orders
Description
An account of the resource
Anonymous report with news about various Franciscan, Capuchin, Jesuit, and Carmelite missionaries to Pegu and Persia, Africa and India; in Madagascar there is just one missionary left because his companion died. The report also states that Marshal de La Meilleraye is now in charge of the castle, there will be a ship going every year with provisions, and that they should take advantage of this opportunity. The report is undated and unsigned.
Additional comments
In another report, made by Marshal de La Meilleraye, it is also mentioned that there is only one missionary left. This report was made in 1660. See: APF SOCG 252, 13r-13v (database item 269).
Capuchins
Destination:
Franciscans
Jesuits
Madagascar
Origin: unknown
Other religious orders
Report
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
333
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF SOCG 308, 214r, 215v
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from Alexander Winster to PF, [1665]-07-31, London
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
[1665]-07-31
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: Edinburgh
Destination: Rome
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Letter
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Original, signed and dated
Language
A language of the resource
Latin
Subject
The topic of the resource
Scotland
Mission reports
Jesuits
Conversion
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from Alexander Winster, prefect of the Scottish mission, to PF. Winster explains that he had neither written nor sent any letters to date, for fear that his letters would be opened and read, due to the ongoing war between England and the Netherlands. Moreover he waited for letters from the other missionaries to arrive, which they now had (except for one), and that he is now forwarding them to PF. Winster writes about his current work in Edinburgh, and that many Catholics from the whole reign come to this city for the Parliament and the judges. On feast days he sometimes needs to administer the sacraments to 20 or 30 Catholics, and to say mass twice, since otherwise the great number of people might rise suspicions; he also notes that helping the sick is a difficult task, because he is the only priest in the city, and it is very dangerous. He describes the danger of conversion and of other activities that go against the local penal laws. In the Highlands however, the "harvest" is big, but there are too few "workers," namely Francis White alone; others do not speak the language. Winster notes that if it were not for the Jesuits present in larger numbers, it would be impossible to continue the work of the mission. Therefore he asks for other missionaries, especially for 'Joannes Blanchs' [John White] who would be very apt for the mission. He complains about the fact that no missionaries have come from the Scottish colleges in Europe, and that there is no place where the missionaries can retire, which causes them to leave the mission, as has already happened with Alexander Leith and Thomas Lumsden. He also asks for books. The letter is signed and dated 21 July (old style, thus 31 July 1665), and was discussed on 9 November 1665.
Date discussed, 1665-11-09
Additional comments
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Alexander Winster
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Addressed to PF
Relation
A related resource
For a summary of this letter (as well as other letters from the same bundle) and the related decision, see: APF SOCG 308, 206r-208v, 231v (database item 331).
For the discussion of this letter, see: APF ACTA 34, 203r, 224v-227v (same information; not in this database).
Alexander Winster
Conversion
Destination: Rome
Jesuits
Letter
Mission reports
Origin: Edinburgh
Scotland
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
320
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF SOCG 308, 76r-78v, 97v
Title
A name given to the resource
Copy of a letter from Alexander Winster to William Lesley [1665]
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
[1665]
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: [Scotland]
Destination: Rome
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Letter
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Copy, unsigned and undated
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
Scotland
Jesuits
Description
An account of the resource
Copy of a letter from the prefect of the Scottish mission Alessandro Vinstero [Alexander Winster], to Guglielmo Lesleo [William Lesley], procurator of that mission in Rome. Winster has almost lost all hope in writing since his letters have not been answered. The most urgent problem is the lack of priests for the mission, which should at least be doubled for the amount of existing Catholics; Winster specifically states that the Highlands are in great need, and the people there are about to lose their last consolation in the person of Francis White (written "Bianchi"), since he did not get any provision from PF and cannot continue his work without one. Winster is unable to help both White and the schoolteacher present there [Alexander Macalister], and if the Scottish mission is not helped, it will soon go to ruin. Winster notes that he received the 50 scudi which PF had sent for Alessandro Leso [Alexander Leith]; Leith left the mission to join the Jesuits and they now want that money, however, Winster did not give it to them, and is waiting for PF's orders on the matter. He also wonders whether he has to mention the names of Catholics in his reports, which he considers dangerous, or rather write about them in general terms. He also asks whether he as a prefect or someone else in Scotland is allowed to consecrate altars and chalices. Winster furthermore mentions that Giovanni Valchero, [John Walker] and Gilberto Graio [Gilbert Gray] are fine. A post scriptum mentions that in the meantime he received letters from a certain mister Coneo [Patrizio Coneo?], or "le Grande," with the news that letters from the procurator [Lesley] and from PF are on their way. He also received the letter of exchange for White and the schoolteacher [Alexander Macalister], which he can only communicate to them in the spring. At the meeting of 20 April 1665 the cardinals decided that they will ask the nuncio for information, and that the secretary should keep in mind the matter of the provision.
Date discussed 1665-04-20
Additional comments
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Alexander Winster
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Addressed to William Lesley
Relation
A related resource
For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see:\ APF ACTA 34. f. 63r, 75r-76v.
Alexander Winster
Destination: Rome
Jesuits
Letter
Origin: [Scotland]
Scotland
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
331
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF SOCG 308, 206r-208v, 231v
Title
A name given to the resource
Summary of the state of the Scottish mission [1665]
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
[1665]
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: [Rome]
Destination:
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Summary
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Original, unsigned and undated
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
Scotland
Jesuits
Scottish colleges
Description
An account of the resource
Summary of the state of Scotland including many suggestions from the procurator of the Scottish mission, William Lesley. The summary states: a) there is need of missionaries for the Highlands and the Hebrides who are able to speak Gaelic. The brother [John White] of the missionary working there, Francis White is proposed. PF should ask the superior of CM [René Alméras] to let him go there, and should also write to the archbishop of Armagh who is now in Paris, asking him to search for other priests, as he has done so before. The procurator suggests that the nuncio [Carlo Roberti de’ Vittori] be written to, to ask for information from the rector of the Scottish College, and from [Patrizio] Cuneo, about the suitability of the candidates; b) there is need of another schoolteacher since the one who is teaching now in the Hebrides is not Catholic. The second teacher, who is Catholic, first taught on the island Skye but was expelled when the ministers found out that he was Catholic; he now teaches at the house of the Count of Glengarry; c) the prefect of the Scottish mission [Alexander Winster] has 90 scudi, which is part of the money that PF had assigned to the schoolteacher, who did not accept everything; the prefect asks PF what to do with it; d) the missionaries ask for books, which are too expensive for the schoolteacher and the ordinary people to purchase themselves; e) the procurator suggests that PF write a letter of recommendation on behalf of the missionaries to the powerful Catholic Huntly family; f) the missionaries ask for a place to live in Edinburgh; g) they suggest writing to the superiors of the religious orders active in Scotland, that their members be obliged to show their missionary licenses to PF missionaries when requested to do so, in order for local Catholics to be sure that they do not receive the sacraments from priests without authority. These issues were discussed at the PF meeting on 9 November 1665. PF notes on f. 231v indicate that the cardinals have decided the following: 1) the nuncio to France should ask the superior of CM [René Alméras] that he allow [John] White to go help the Catholics in his country; 2) the archbishop of Armagh [Edmund O’Reilly] should be asked to search for other priests who understand Gaelic, and could be sent to the Highlands and Hebrides, and to propose them to the nuncio, who will in turn refer these names to PF; 3) another teacher should be appointed for the islands, who will receive the same yearly subsidy as Eugenio Macalastro [Alexander Macalister]; 4) the Jesuit superior general be told that the Jesuits should elect some able young men who could study in the Scottish colleges, and also amongst those who already live in the Highlands. The different Scottish colleges should also be visited by the various nuncios, and the latter should refer their findings to PF; 5) the prefect of the mission [in Scotland] should be written to, stating that the 90 scudi is to be spent for the current provision of the missionaries and the teacher; 6) the procurator has to mention which books he thinks would be useful, so that PF can provide for them; 7) a letter of recommendation should be written as suggested by the procurator; its noted that the cardinals decided nothing with respect to the house that the missionaries asked for; 8) lastly, they decided that the superiors of different orders should forbid the members of their orders to enter Scotland, without a decree from PF.
Date discussed, 1665-11-09
Additional comments
From the authors of the letters included in this bundle, there is both an official Latin letter to PF, and a copy (in Italian) of a letter written to the procurator, William Lesley.
Relation
A related resource
For the discussion of this letter, see: APF ACTA 34, 203r, 224v-227v (same information; not in this database). This summary and the discussion thereof by the PF general meeting of 9 November 1665, concern the following documents: APF SOCG 308, 210r-213v (database item 332); APF SOCG 308, 214r, 215v (database item 333); APF SOCG 308, 218r-220r, 221v (database item 334); APF SOCG 308, 222r, 223v (database item 335); APF SOCG 308, 224r-225v (database item 336); APF SOCG 308, 226r-228r (database item 337); and APF SOCG 308, 230r (database item 338).
For the letter that PF sent to the nuncio to France to try to win John White for the mission, see: APF Lettere 50, 129v-130r (database item 833).
Destination:
Jesuits
Origin: [Rome]
Scotland
Scottish colleges
Summary
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
362
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF SOCG 308, 381r-384v
Title
A name given to the resource
Summary of the mission reports from Scotland, [1667 or 1668]
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
[1667 or 1668]
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: unknown
Destination:
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Summary
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Latin
Subject
The topic of the resource
Scotland
Mission reports
Petitions for faculties
Other religious orders
Visitation
Poland
Jesuits
Franciscans
Description
An account of the resource
Summary of the mission reports from the Scottish missionaries. It is a general report about the ongoing problems of the Scottish mission and the steps already taken by PF. The main issue is the chronic lack of priests, and although PF has done much to find other secular priests for the Highlands, there has been little result. Now they have sent two Irish regular priests and want to send others under the direction of a regular prefect. John White has been asked to go, but he is unwilling and cannot be constrained. In his place Cussak, an Irish priest in Paris, is proposed. Since there will be more regulars in the Highlands, Francis White, who is working there, might start teaching himself. In this way there would be no need to send students from the Highlands to the Continental Colleges. The priests in the Lowlands should be divided better over the different regions, as the regular priests (nine Jesuits, one Dominican and one Franciscan) currently all stay with rich Catholics. Two secular priest are about to be sent to the mission, both called Irvine, one of whom is currently in Poland visiting his sister. Furthermore a few concrete requests are repeated. The summary contains requests of faculties for the prefect (which allow him to consecrate chalices and altars): missionary patents, money for rosaries and other devotional objects, a visitation of the Scottish Colleges and monasteries, the replacement of the rector of the Scottish Colleges, a solution for the house where the missionaries can retreat, and a visitation of the Scottish mission. The decisions made by PF at the meeting of 23 January 1668 are on f. 384v.
Date discussed 1668-01-23
Additional comments
The summary was written no later than 23 January 1668, since that is the date of its discussion.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
This summary and the PF decisions are also in APF ACTA 23, 9v-13r, which have been published as an appendix to an article by Cathaldus Giblin: 'The Acta of Propaganda Archives and the Scottish mission, 1623-1670,' Innes Review 5, no. 1 (1954) 39-76, 73-76.
Relation
A related resource
The discussion of this summary can be found in: APF ACTA 23, 3r, 9v-13r (not in the database).
Destination:
Franciscans
Jesuits
Mission reports
Origin: unknown
Other religious orders
Petitions for faculties
Poland
Scotland
Summary
Visitation
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
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Identifier
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347
Source
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APF SOCG 308, 301v
Title
A name given to the resource
PF notes of a petition by Dionisio Kennedy, 1667
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1667
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: unknown
Destination:
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Notes
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
Scotland
Other religious orders
Petitions for missionary patents
Jesuits
Franciscans
Description
An account of the resource
PF notes on a petition by Dionisio Kennedie [Kennedy], an Irish Augustinian wishing to go to the mission in the Scottish highlands. The petition notes that Kennedie is asking for the faculties of missionary, including a provision for daily expenses, and transportation expenses for himself and a companion, whom he proposes to find in either Italy or France; nobody has given information on this priest as of yet. In the Highlands there are already secular priests and Jesuits, as well as Bianchi [Francis White], and two Franciscan priests from Ireland. However, if possible, these two missionaries should be sent there as well, because there is a great need for priests.
Additional comments
Destination:
Franciscans
Jesuits
Notes
Origin: unknown
Other religious orders
Petitions for missionary patents
Scotland
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
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367
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF SOCG 308, 438r-446v, 447v
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from [Alexander] Winster to [William] Lesley, 1668-12-08
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1668-12-08
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: Scotland
Destination: Rome
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Letter
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
Scotland
Mission reports
Jesuits
Visitation
Description
An account of the resource
Copy of a letter from Alexander Winster to William Lesley. He writes very extensively about the situation of the Scottish mission, and the different problems and the solutions he sees. Also included, are his notes about the communication between the mission and PF, the role of William Lesley, concern about the visitation and financial situation, and the relationship with the Jesuits. This letter was written to the procurator to inform him about the report he wrote directly to PF. That report seems to be in answer to a list of questions by PF. The letter dated 18 December 1668.
Additional comments
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
[Alexander] Winster
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Addressed to [William] Lesley
[Alexander] Winster
Destination: Rome
Jesuits
Letter
Mission reports
Origin: Scotland
Scotland
Visitation
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
872
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF SC Africa, 36v-42v
Title
A name given to the resource
Report on the mission of Madagascar, 1669-05, CM
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1669-05
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin:
Destination: Rome
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Report
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
unsigned
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
Madagascar
Conversion
Jesuits
Description
An account of the resource
Report on the Madagascar mission made by CM and given to PF in March 1669. This short report on the Madagascar mission is based on the letters written at various times by CM priests in Madagascar, with the authority of PF. The island of Madagascar is also called Saint Lawrence because it was discovered on the day dedicated to the memory of this martyr. By the French it was renamed Isola Delfina. It is located south of the Tropic of Capricorn, and is not far from the African continent; from 'Promontorio' in Mozambique it is around 70 miles. In length it reaches from around the eighth degree from the Equator for approximately 600 miles, the width of the island is at some points 200, and at others 400 miles. Because of its location the temperatures are very high but not intolerable. The island is divided in many regions by high mountains. Those who are most informed about the island believe that there are 400,000 people, and in every province there is a patron. There are around 300 or 400 vassals of these kings. They do not really deserve the title of king, first of all because they are not king of all the people, and secondly because they live so poorly; they have around 3,000 or 4,000 oxen, and around one third harvest rice and carrots. There is no-one in France with a title who does not live more splendidly than the greatest man in Madagascar, where such a title is not hereditary. Under the king there are other men, less rich than the first. All the grand men practice carpeting for pleasure. In Madagascar there are two kinds of inhabitants, black people with curly hair, who are the original people. The others are white, have long hair, and travelled from Persia 500 years ago. In some provinces they are the patrons of the blacks, in others they are subjected. For their origins, they refer to a certain 'Ramini' who has been created by the foam of the sea, and was a friend of Mohammed. In all parts of the island most villages are found at the foot of the mountains, from where an abundance of water flows, that ends in the sea nearby. There are no cities or fortresses. All houses are made of wood and covered with leaves and are very low, which makes it very hard to enter and leave. The kitchen and fire are made without a chimney. They do not have a bed or chair, but instead do everything on the wooden floor. People usually eat rice, oxen and goats. There is no wheat or wine, instead they drink a beverage made of apples. There are many roots, beans, watermelons, and lemons but there are no animals to hunt, except some boars. None of the inhabitants wear any headwear, they have naked feet, and use oil in their hair. Everybody wears the same long clothes, but they differ in quality. Children upto the age of seven or eight are completely naked. They all have a hole in their ear filled with a piece of wood, on which they put some gold or a shell.
They live really long lives, and some say they are so old that they cannot count the years anymore. There is not a real religion among the people on the islands, and there is no temple or priest anywhere. There are however a few ceremonies and superstitions that were introduced 500 years ago, by the whites who are 'Cafri' from the coasts of Persia. They found the original inhabitants of the island simple and without law or religion. They easily turned to the superstitions of Mohammed. They confess that they is a Lord of the universe that they call 'Zenharé' but they keep him in the sky where he is a king in his own realm. Among them there is a sect of men called ‘Ombassi’ which means writers, and they lead the ceremonies, the traditions, and the superstitions of the country. They carry books which do not have a lot of text, but only some sentences or saying's from the Koran, which have been brought by the men coming from Persia. The usage of circumcision is found all over the island. The whites have some kind of fasting of two months in which they cannot eat from sunrise to sunset. They do not eat oxen and do not drink wine. The superstition that is the most opposed to the honor of God is the use of 'Olys.' The Ombiassi make them out of wood or hollow root and sell them. These idols are made in the shape of a man or an animal. They fill them with oil mixed with dust, and think them to be alive. The people bring these idols everywhere they go, and believe that they help them with all kinds of things. When they have to cross a river they ask their Olys to help them. In the case that someone gets eaten, people use to say that his Olys were not good. They have the cruel tradition to throw away children on Sunday, that are born in the night on Saturday. The first Europeans to come to the island were the Portuguese and the Dutch. They had some posts on the island, and brought with them some Jesuits. Eventually the Portuguese left the island. When the French Indian Company heard about the island, they sent a group of men, all of whom were Catholics, except for around 10 heretics. They also brought some priests with them to help them in their spiritual needs. When CM priests arrived on the island they found one of the priests, who had not made a lot of progress because of the heretic's captain, who allowed the heretic sermon to be held in his house. For this reason the population of the island was confused and did not convert. The French Indian Company eventually sent back the heretic captain, and refused to allow any other heretic to travel there. A Catholic captain was sent to the island, along with two CM priests. They were staying in a place close to the Tropic of Capricorn, that was called ‘Hittolangar’ by the natives. There was also a castle called the Castle Dauphin. When the CM priests arrived, there were only five baptized children on the island. The priests tried to learn the language of the island, in order to explain the mysteries of the faith. The blacks were easier to instruct than the whites. They told the blacks, after they listened with attention, that they should not curse, not work on Sundays, and not steal. The rulers of the island did not want their slaves to be instructed in the service of God, as they were afraid they would discover their wickedness. The disposition of the island towards the Christian faith becomes clear, from a letter of one of the missionaries who wrote to CM superior general [Vincent De Paul]. He informs them that he wants the natives first to know how to pray to God, before they are baptized. They told the missionary that they are afraid to get baptized, since they fear that the French would not stay for a long time on the island, and that afterwards the whites might kill them. The missionary also informs Vincent De Paul that some of the greatest men of the island have sent their children away to be instructed, and that these have already thrown away their Olys. One of these families converted as a whole. The firstborn of another king called Dian Masso (who himself has been baptized), prays to God daily, and promised to instruct his wife and children. In the house of the missionary lives two children of the rulers of the island, and also their slaves who want to be baptized. The next year he was warned that three of the most important men on the island were about to die. He went to visit them, and eventually they begged him to be baptized, and to be buried after they died. After many other things the missionary ends his letter by saying that from his writing, one can see the great disposition of the people towards the Holy Faith. Its noted that 600 people already have converted, and one can hope that all of the 400,000 souls will eventually accept the faith. This letter was written in 1657, and the missionary died a few months later, leaving the people without a priest. Afterwards the French gave themselves to a sinful life, and started to fight the natives. From time to time they sent new missionaries to the island, but the majority never even arrived. The next missionaries to reach the island only arrived in 1663, and because the whole island was at war, they could not do a lot. The natives who converted risked their lives since the French were very hated. When the prefect of the mission went to instruct one of the leaders of the island (who wanted to convert or pretended to do so), he and his companion were killed. The last who travelled to the island were four priests, and some brothers. However as they were all sick, they could not really invest time in converting the infidels; in their last letter dated September 1668, its noted that they have all improved, and can continue to work for the religion and conversion of the infidels.
Additional comments
Conversion
Destination: Rome
Jesuits
Madagascar
Origin:
Report
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
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Identifier
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769
Source
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APF SOCG 438, 465r, 466r-v, 467v
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to PF, 1672-08-01, Algiers
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1672-08-01
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: Algiers
Destination: Rome
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Letter
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Original; signed
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Latin
Subject
The topic of the resource
Algiers
Bizerte
Capuchins
Jesuits
Slave priests
Trinitarians
Tunis
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from Giovanni Le Vacher [Jean Le Vacher] to [PF]. According to the letter from 14 March 1671 he had to find a priest for Bizerte. He has found no-one more capable for the task than Marcello Costa, who is currently staying in Tunis. It is not necessary for him to stay there since they already is a Jesuit, a Capuchin, and some slave priests. It is up to PF to decide how much he should be paid for this work. He has heard that there are two priests in Tunis (Costantino Grillo and Michele Lipari), who wear clothes that they are not allowed to wear. Worse still, they also celebrate mass, which they are not allowed to do so. Le Vacher asks [PF] to do something about this case. He also reminds PF that Bartolomeo Da Serrano (a Spanish Trinitarian), is still staying in Algiers and does not want to accept the authority of the vicar apostolic, even though his superiors asked him to do so. PF decides to give Marcello Costa 30 scudi a year, for three years.
Date discussed: 1673-02-28
Additional comments
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Jean Le Vacher
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Adressed to PF
Relation
A related resource
For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see: ACTA 43, 44r-v.
See for the mentioned letter from PF: APF LETTERE 59, 12r (database item 606).
Algiers
Bizerte
Capuchins
Destination: Rome
Jean Le Vacher
Jesuits
Letter
Origin: Algiers
Slave priests
Trinitarians
Tunis
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
757
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF SOCG 435, 127r-128v
Title
A name given to the resource
Summary of SOCG 535, 1672-08-02
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1672
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: [Rome]
Destination: [Rome]
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Summary
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Original
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Latin
Subject
The topic of the resource
Jesuits
Non-Catholic Christians
Petitions for missionary patents
Scotland
Scottish Catholics abroad
Description
An account of the resource
PF Summary of SOCG 435. Robert Monro, a missionary in Scotland, writes in a letter that: a) he has not been able to serve the mission as he wanted, because of a persecution in Scotland that started after letters of Jesuits were found. This happened when one captain Hardy (a Catholic), had a fight with his wife who sent the most confidential letters to the dean of Edinburgh (a heritic called Lauria or Lorenzo), and he sent the letters to the privy council. This Hardy had a correspondence with all the missionaries, and especially with Sig' Bianchi [Francis White] and Padre MacDonel [Francis MacDonnell?]. They also found a letter by Monro, and received detailed information about all the missionaries. They see this as a judgement from God, because these people did not want to return to the church, and the Catholics did not live virtuously enough; b) the council issued another decree by which it was forbidden for Catholics to hear mass, or practice their religion in Scotland; c) the count of Sempil and the baron of Petfodels have been thrown in jail, because they sent their children outside Scotland for education; d) the count of MacDonell of Glengary has been told that he should find security, and that many members of his family will need to behave themselves, and the same goes for many of the Montagnoli; e) in the mountains there are not really any problems. But Monro nor the other missionaries can carry out their missionary activities; f) Frasiro [Francis Fraser] and Kimneries will pay the money, as ordered by the procurator; g) Bianchi [Francis White] is dying; h) the Procurator [William Lesley], when writing to the missionaries, should call himself Giacomo I'nes. He should also send the letters for the prior to his brother Alessandro Lesleo [Alexander Lesley], because all the letters that are written to Catholics are intercepted; i) he asks for Rome to write to the queen of Scotland so that she will protect the Catholics; j) many Catholics have been imprisoned, and that he himself escaped two times. He has many other things to write that he does not dare to say. Barclaro [Robert Barclay], the rector of the Scottish College in Paris, who sent Monro's letter to the procurator, writes also to the procurator himself, asking to give the missionary parents with the viaticum to the brother of the procurator [Alexander Lesley]. Because the College had spent a lot of money on a chapel, they were not able to give him the money themselves. He writes that the things Monro wrote were true, but that not all the mistreatments of the Catholics were for religious reasons; it is noted however, that they have been treated badly for their religion in the past, but now the Catholics do not have to fear persecution. After a decree that issued the freedom of conscience, the criminal laws against the nonconformists have been suspended, the Catholics can organize mass in private places, and all the other religions have been given public places. Information about this edict is also written by Patrizio Coneo [Patrick Con], and he said that he gave this letter to Cardinal Carlo [Carlo Barberini?] and Cardinal Barberino [Francesco Barberini?]. He writes that it is important to be careful, and one should remember that there are spies [in Paris?] that write everything down to send to England. PF decides to write to the queen about the Scottish Catholics.
Date discussed: 1672-08-02
Additional comments
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
PF
Relation
A related resource
See for the corresponding ACTA: ACTA 42.
Destination: [Rome]
Jesuits
Non-Catholic Christians
Origin: [Rome]
Petitions for missionary patents
PF
Scotland
Scottish Catholics abroad
Summary
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
809
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF CP 23, 176r-196v
Title
A name given to the resource
Report on the Scottish mission, 1674-07-21, [Rome]
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1674-07-21
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: [Rome]
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Report
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Original
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Latin
Subject
The topic of the resource
Barbary (unspecified or several locations)
Capuchins
Conversion
Jesuits
Scottish Catholics abroad
Tripoli
Description
An account of the resource
Report on the Scottish mission. In 1668, PF received a report on the Scottish mission from the prefect Alesandro Winstero [Alexander Winster]. This report was discussed during PF meeting of 27 September 1669. After this meeting, the affairs of the Scottish mission were referred to this particular congregation.
In the report the following subjects are being discussed: a) the size and location of Scotland; b) the rule and language of Scotland; c) the location of the mission in Scotland; d) the amount of people; e) Catholicism, errors and abuse; f) the goods of the church; and g) the many obstacles the Holy Faith faces in Scotland. According to the law it is prohibited to say or listen to mass. Priests face the death penalty, and the lay people face the penalty of having their goods confiscated. The heretics also force the Catholics to go to their University, where they run the risk of conversion. Catholics are not allowed to take public office in Scotland, because they cannot take the required oath, and the number of missionaries in the area is insufficient; the solution to the last issue is better administration of the Scottish Colleges overseas. To achieve this, they propose the following solutions: 1) that all Colleges should receive a visitation that makes sure that the foundations of the Colleges are respected. The Scottish College in Paris claims that it was not founded to produce missionaries, but to house Scottish students who want to study at the university. After finishing their studies they were free to choose a career to their liking. Now however, new houses have been bought and there are 10 students (not including the superior, prefect and servants), who are all willing to return to Scotland. The missionaries in Scotland also select the students on their willingness to return. The procurator of the mission proposes that since the Nuncio will not be able to make the proposed visitation, they will ask Cardinal De Bouillon [Card'le di Buglione] to visit instead; both he and his uncle (marshal Turenne), are very affectionate to the Scottish nation. The second College is in Douai, and whilst the prefect is not sure with what intention the College was founded, it is believed that it always created its own revenue; there used to be around 30 students residing at the College. Nowadays, the Jesuits (who are the superiors of the College), state that the College has hardly any money, and that the original donation was not made to the College itself, but to their mission; there are also few students still living at the College. The secretary informs PF that on 8 February 1667 it was decided to let S'r Intern'o di Fiandra make the visitation. At that time however, the city was conquered by the French and he could not enter; 2) the third College is in Madrid, and according to the Prefect [Paluzio Altieri] it was founded by a Scottish nobleman, colonnello Sempelio [colonel Sempill]. Its noted that there have been very few students at the College, and it is administered by the Jesuits. The secretary [Francesco Ravizza] states that in 1668 Cardinal Borromeo [Federico Borromeo] had the instructions to visit the College (he was nuncio at the time), but he does not seem to have done this. The procurator will ask the current nuncio to make the visitation. The fourth College is in Rome. The procurator believes that cardinal Barbarini had visited this college often over the past few years. In general, the procurator states that the Colleges give little assistance to the mission. The College of Rome, which had the best chances of creating missionaries, has been limited to just four students. This is caused either by the Jesuits who do not chose capable students, or by the superiors and ministers of the College, who do not educate the youth with prudence and kindness. For the other Colleges, (except Paris, where the youths do not have any obligation to become missionaries), there does not seem to be of much use for the mission, at least for the secular clergy. This leaves the mission only protected by PF, who proposes that regular visits are made, in order to make the youth serve the nation. The prefect also asks the visitors of the Colleges to substitute any students that are not suitable for the mission. The prefect asks the visitors to instruct them in particular in Christian virtues, controversies, cases of conscience, in administering the sacraments, rites, ceremonial practices, and preaching, and they should also all visit conferences during their studies. The procurator of the mission adds that in the College of Rome they no longer carry out these expectations. For this reason, the students are forced to stay for some time in Paris, before going to the mission. The prefect proposes that when the students are not instructed in the Colleges, the rectors of these Colleges should be forced to send the students (at the expense of the Colleges) to a seminary. When the students are sent back to their countries without any experience as missionaries, they are of little use. The secretary states that during PF meeting of 4 February 1664, it was proposed that the students of the Scottish College in Rome would be used for some time to take care of the city's souls, in order to send them to the mission fully prepared; 3) the prefect believes that it would be better if the election of students for the College of Rome would be done by the prefect and the missionaries. They should find a person zealous to his country and the mission, and should check if the Colleges actually followed the instructions previously listed; the procurator says that without this last issue, all the others would be neglected or not be enforced at all; 4) due to the number of missionaries being very small, in comparison to the needs of the country (every day the number of Catholics is increasing), the prefect deems it necessary to increase the amount of missionaries. These should not only come from the College of Rome, but also the other Colleges. Right now there are eight missionaries divided over five dioceses, and the others do not currently have any missionaries; 5) it is not right that the only Irish missionary is Fran'co Bianchi [Francis White], who has worked for many fruitful years for the mission. According to White they could easily find more Irish missionaries with help from his brother. The prefect already asks to reserve 20 scudi as travel money for three or four persons. It is hoped that PF deems these people suitable, as one of the two Irish Franciscans of the mission has already died. The procurator says that in the Highlands and on the islands people are more inclined to the Holy faith, and that there is a smaller risk of persecution. The procurator proposes that they will focus their efforts on these areas, because he believes that the conversion of the Lowlands depends of those in the Highlands. The Irish Franciscans who went to the Highlands spoke the local language, but now they all left. If PF decides to use regular priests they should make sure that they understand that they are subjected to the prefect of the mission, from whom they receive faculties and provisions; 6) because all the requisites have been used, PF is asked to give the nuncio to France the money to buy portable altars. The procurator says that there is a big need for chasubles and chalices. All the priests should have their own, as they live very far away from each other. It should be made clear however, that these items belong to the mission and not to the missionaries themselves; 7) there should be money reserved to buy books on controversies and devotion, as they will be useful for not just the Catholics, but also among the heretics; 8) the immediate time after their arrival is always very hard for the missionaries. They have used all their traveling money, and have to wait an entire year before receiving their next provisions. The prefect asks PF to send the provision for the missionaries to the prefect, so that the missionaries can start working directly after they arrived. If someone is unable to go to the mission, it is up to the prefect to get the money back. The secretary states that this problem was recently resolved, when it was decided that the missionaries of Scotland would be paid one semester in advance; 9) the prefect asks to set a date for when the provisions begin, so that the missionaries know how much time they have before being paid. According to the secretary, this is the day that they start to work for the mission. In the case of illness, its noted that PF may continue to support the missionaries; 10) because PF has always been very zealous towards the Scottish mission, they want to find a way in which the missionaries can live honorable lives. The English missionaries own patrimonial goods, or are supported by noble houses where they serve as chaplains; regular priests might be supported by their superiors. The Scottish Catholics that own patrimonial goods, are layman or part of an order, and only very few become secular priests. At this moment none of the secular priests have any patrimonial goods. There are very few Catholics in Scotland, and they live very far away from each other. The missionaries first stay at one house for a few days and then travel further to another one. Even though they are staying with Catholics, they use their provision to pay for their living, and often live among heretics. It is common that they are very lonely, start to get bored and become very silent. At mass, they hardly ever receive money from the Catholics. The Catholics are usually very poor, as they are excluded from public office and forced to pay the protestant priests. The life of the missionaries is very insecure and full of fear, and they are afraid to leave without the license of PF. After receiving their license they either have to retreat for a while to recover from illness, or they are too old or tired to be of any use for the mission; they are forced to live the rest of their lives in poverty. The Jesuits for example have always received a subsidy and always stayed in Scotland, even during the most dangerous times. Some pious people from Paris sent Irish missionaries to the Highlands, and paid them 100 scudi for travel and living expenses. As these priests did not receive any alms, they were not able to pay for their living. The situation in Scotland is not the same as in England, and the mission needs a stable base. They ask PF to help the mission, because without any help this church cannot exist much longer, and the students will abandon the mission; 11) they propose to use the revenue of one of the Scottish Colleges for the mission itself. They suggest the College in Madrid as hardly any Scottish students went there, so it is of little value to the mission. It also would not be against the wishes of the founder, because he simply wanted to help his Fatherland, which is better served with the mission itself than with the College; 12) though the missionaries behave themselves, they could (because of their isolated position), ignore their duty if they are not controlled by the prefect. They ask that in the case of missionaries who have received multiple warnings, to give the prefect (together with two missionaries), permission to limit or revoke the faculties of these missionaries; 13) they ask PF to permit the prefect (or someone nominated by PF), to stay in Edinburgh. The council is located in Edinburgh, and it is also where the Catholics have to go for the courts; 14) the procurator says that if regular priests would work for the Scottish mission, they should be spread over the dioceses. This is applied to the secular priests, and they should not be allowed to just stay in comfortable areas, and the houses of Catholics; 15) there are three universities in Scotland, one in Glasgow, Aberdeen and St. Andrew, as well as a College in Edinburgh. It is suggested therefore that there should also be somewhere for the care of missionaries. They suggest that this be assigned to the Jesuits; 16) because there is no bishop is Scotland to administer the sacrament of confirmation, PF suggests that on occasion, a bishop from Ireland should visit; 17) there are many potential students for the Colleges of Rome, Madrid and Douai, and the Jesuits should make their decision, without any bias; 18) there are many Scots outside Scotland that have sworn to become missionaries but never did. Therefore they should be forced to return to the mission or send a substitute in their place; 19) the rectors of the Colleges should not receive any students without permission from the prefect of the mission, or at least from the missionaries themselves; 20) the Jesuits should be forced to teach the students in Scotland; 21) the Catholics are forced to send their children to the schools of the heretics, where they run the risk of being converted. PF asks thats all missionaries to do something about this, and to either make sure that the children have Catholic schoolmasters, or to send them to the school of the mission; 22) because the schoolmasters cannot live on the 30 scudi given to them, they have to ask for a provision from the students. They propose to forbid the schoolmasters from taking anything from the children, and instead raise their income to 60 scudi. This was already decided during PF meeting of 4 February 1664, however the prefect was satisfied with 30 scudi, and money being taken from the students; it was this reason however, why many students were not able to go to the schools; 23) since the two schoolmasters are secular they should become missionaries, and two other priests should be found in their place; 24) the prefect should be given the faculties to consecrate chalices and portable altars, as there is no bishop in Scotland. Its noted that the prefects in Asia work in the same way; 25) the house in Dieppe (which has already been approved by PF), depends completely on PF for money, and for other problems which have yet to be explained by Card’l Antonio b. [Antonio Barberini Jr.]. PF should provide the money for at least one house in Dieppe or Cacen [Caen?]. In this way the Scots will be more eager to work for the mission. PF does the same thing for the Franciscan mission in Albania, the mission in Cairo, Egypt, in Tripolo for the missions on the coast of Africa, the missions in India by the Theatines in Lisbon and Goa, and the Capuchins in Lisbon who work for the mission in the Congo; 26) they propose to give the nuncio’s to Flanders and to France the authority to give dimissorial letters to young Scots. This will make the Scots more eager to become part of the clergy, and does not force them to travel far away. This will also make them more loyal towards their own Fatherland; 27) at the College of PF, the students learn way more about ecclesiastical matters, which they do not learn with the Jesuits. Therefore they ask PF to receive someone from the Scottish Highlands, so that in time this person can work as schoolmaster; 28) PF has already been asked on several occassions to send a visitor to the mission, but it has never materialized since they have not been able to find a suitable person. They propose to choose a Scottish or Irish priest, in order to not to create any suspicion; 29) PF decided to have a superior general in Scotland, but this did not happen as the Jesuits opposed the plan. This would have allowed one person to oversee everything; the secular priests never gave any information on the regular priests, therefore PF never knows what they are doing. The secretary found a few relevant decrees on this matter, one from 9 July 1630, and the other from 5 August 1630. Both are on the office of superior for the Scottish mission; and 30) its requested by the faculty to the prefect, permission to nominate a vice-prefect who would substitute him in the case of absence or death; this happens in Asia and other remote places. In the case of death, all faculties should be given to the oldest missionary until PF appoints a new prefect. The secretary found a decree about this on the missions in Asia which is being cited. (A longer summary in English is available in the transcription file.)
Date discussed: 1674-07-21
Additional comments
Gio' Brenano is named as 'hora Vescouo/ Vaterfordien.' This must refer to the bishopric of Waterford and Lismore, who is indentified as John Brenan.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
PF
Relation
A related resource
For thoughts on the doubts adressed at the end of this report, see: APF CP 23, 197r-200r (database item 810) and APF CP 23, 232r-v (database item 813).
For further discussions on the other issues adressed in this document, see: APF CP 23, 201r-202v (database item 811) and APF CP 23, 222r-225r (database item 812).
Barbary (unspecified or several locations)
Capuchins
Conversion
Jesuits
Origin: [Rome]
PF
Report
Scottish Catholics abroad
Tripoli
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
812
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF CP 23, 222r-225r
Title
A name given to the resource
Report on the Scottish mission, 1674-07-21, [Rome]
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1674-07-23
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin:[Rome]
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Report
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
original; unsigned
Language
A language of the resource
Latin
Subject
The topic of the resource
Capuchins
Conversion
Jesuits
Scotland
Visitation
Description
An account of the resource
Since it had been decided that everything discussed in the Congregazione Particulare (CP) also has to be reported to the Congregazione Generale, they have made a list of everything that was decided during the meeting of 21 July 1674, on Scotland.
a) someone has to visit the four Scottish Colleges, and the first to be visited should be the College in Paris, which is administered by the Carthusians. They received an answer saying that they should speak with the prior general of the Carthusians in order to choose a visitor of this order, and they also wrote the nuncio to France about the matter. For the College in Douai, which is administered by the Jesuits, they should write to the internuncio and discuss the matter with the father general of the Jesuits. For the College in Madrid, they should write the nuncio to Spain, and also to Cardinal Borromeo. For the College in Rome, they should write to the most imminent protector; b) it was decided that students who want to become secular priests had to be selected for the Colleges. They received an answer that the Jesuits should choose students for the College of Rome, which are then approved by the prefect of the mission; c) it was decided that to increase the number of secular priests, it should be made clear that the congregation wants to use their services. Therefore a declaration should be made; d) it was decided that Irish missionaries should be sent into the mountains. They received the reply that this would be done; e) there is a big need for sacred furnishings. The proposal was accepted, and it was decided to discuss with the prior of the mission the amount of furnishings needed; f) there was also a big need for books. They responded that when it was made clear what books were needed, they would provide them; g) it was decided that the provisions should be paid earlier to the missionaries, and this was approved; h) it should be made clear on what day the missionaries begin receiving the provision. This issue was approved; i) they should use the revenues from the College in Madrid for the mission itself, since there are not any Scottish students there anyway. They received an answer stating that the nuncio should be written to about the way in which the goods ought to be sold, and they should wait for his report; j) sometimes it might be necessary to limit the faculties of the missionaries, or to remove them from the mission. The issue about the faculties was approved; k) it was said that the prefect should stay in Edinburgh. They have decided that it should be left to the prefect to decide; l) it was decided that the missionaries should be spread equally over the dioceses. They received the answer that the superiors of the religious orders should be instructed to do this; m) there should be some missionaries present at the Universities to convert talented students. It was decided that the father general of the Jesuits should be written to about this; n) as there is no-one to administer the sacrament of confirmation, an Irish bishop should be sent on certain occasions into Scotland. They received the answer that the internuncio should be written to regarding his matter, in order to know from what diocese this would be the easiest; o) there should be youths deemed suitable, selected for the Colleges. They were instructed to speak with the superiors, and for the College of Rome, it was already decided that they should ask the approval of the prefect; p) the prefects should have the faculty to recall missionaries that are absent. They received the answer, saying that the prefect should have this faculty in order to force the missionaries to keep their oath; q) it was decided that the Colleges should not receive Scottish students without the approval of the prefect of the mission. This was approved; r) it was decided that students should be taught within their own country. They received the answer that they should discuss this with the father general of the Jesuits; s) it should be forbidden for Catholics to attend heretic schools. They received the answer that the missionaries should be instructed to prohibit Catholics from going to the schools of the heretics; t) it was said that the provision of the schoolmasters should be raised. It was decided that the provision should be raised to 50 scudi, and it was prohibited to take money from the students (or their parents), under the penalty of excommunication; u) it was suggested that the schoolmasters should only be secular priests. This was approved; v) it was said that the prefect should have the faculty to consecrate chalices and portable altars. They responded that this had already been approved; w) it was said that they needed a hospital for retired missionaries in either Dieppe, Caen, or in Normandy. It was decided that the funds necessary for such a house should be assigned to the project; x) it was said that the prefect should have the faculties to give dimissorial letters. They received the answer saying that the faculties had been conceded to the prefect by the rectors of the pontifical Colleges, for 12 years.
y) It was said that in the college of Rome they should especially host students from the mountain areas. They received an answer saying that they should wait for the report of the most eminent protectors; z) it was said that there should be a visitation to the mission. They received an answer stating that they should ask the nuncio to France for a suitable person; aa) It was suggested that there should be a superior for the whole mission, both secular and regular. They received an answer saying that they wrote the nuncio to France and the internuncio to Belgium, requesting information for a suitable candidate for superior; ab) It was said that they should elect a vice-prefect. They received an answer saying that the current situation should be maintained; ac) it was said that the Prefect should have the authority to give faculties to those who have not been declared missionaries by PF. They received an answer saying that they wanted to maintain the old situation; ad) it was said that the mission should receive some kind of grant, as Pope Urban did when he gave 4,000 scudi for the foundation of a Scottish convent in Avignon, and as Pope Alexander did for the mission of the Cevenne in the Linguadoc; ae) it should be made clear whether the students of the Colleges need to receive absolution for irregularity, as they usually have been heretics, or are the children of heretics; af) there are some books that should be translated, especially the one by 'Spondano' [Henri de Sponde]. This request is accepted; ag) they will also pay for the translation of 'Baronio' in English, which could be done by 'Valcherio' [John Walker]; and ah) other points of doubt were also discussed. They received an answer saying that this should be done by someone else.
Date discussed: 1674-07-21
Additional comments
This is made on a meeting of CP, the Congregazione Particolare on Scotland, made for the General meeting of PF, GP, the Congregazione Generale.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
PF
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
[Adressed to PF]
Relation
A related resource
These points have first been adressed in the a CP report on the mission in Scotland, see: APF CP 23, 176r-196v (database item 809).
CP has taken notes about the issues adressed before, but these seem to be in an earlier stage, see: APF CP 23, 201r-202v (database item 811).
Capuchins
Conversion
Jesuits
Origin:[Rome]
PF
Report
Scotland
Visitation
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
623
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF LETTERE 63, 73v-74r
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from PF to the superior general of the Jesuits, 1674-08-03, Rome
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1674-08-03
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: Rome
Destination: unknown
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Letter
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
Scotland
Jesuits
Conversion
Description
An account of the resource
Copy of a letter from the secretary of PF to the superior general of the Jesuits. PF asks the superior three things regarding the Jesuit mission in Scotland: a) to order his missionaries to disperse over the whole country, and not stay at particular families or congregate in a few cities; b) to send some talented Jesuits to the universities in Scotland, in order to convert some of the smart young Protestants residing there; and c) to order the Jesuits to teach some young Scots in their own country instead of sending them to the mainland, since there is a high risk that they might not want to return to Scotland. The letter dated 3 August 1674.
Additional comments
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
PF
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Addressed to the superior general of the Jesuits
Conversion
Destination: unknown
Jesuits
Letter
Origin: Rome
PF
Scotland
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
626
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF LETTERE 64, 11v
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter from the PF secretary [Francesco Ravizza] to the nuncio to France [Fabrizio Spada], 1674-12-18, Rome
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1674-12-18
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: Rome
Destination: [Paris]
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Letter
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
Scotland
Jesuits
Description
An account of the resource
Letter from PF secretary [Francesco Ravizza] to the nuncio to France [Fabrizio Spada], stating that he should find a candidate who can become the general superior of both the secular, and the regular priests in the Scottish mission. This superior general is necessary, as there are often discords between the regular and secular priests, and PF does not really know what the missionaries are doing: in their writings some things are never mentioned or are somewhat distorted. The letter dated 19 February 1675.
Additional comments
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
[Francesco Ravizza]
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Addressed to [Fabrizio Spada]
[Francesco Ravizza]
Destination: [Paris]
Jesuits
Letter
Origin: Rome
Scotland
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
744
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF SC Scozia vol.1, 573r-580v
Title
A name given to the resource
Report about the mission in Scotland by [William Lesley], [1678]
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
[1678]
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin: [Rome]
Destination:
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Report
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Original; draft
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
Jesuits
Mission reports
Petitions for faculties
Scotland
Scottish Catholics abroad
Visitation
Description
An account of the resource
Relation on the mission in Scotland. The covered subjects are the following: a) archbishoprics and bishoprics; b) the place of residence of the missionaries; c) the residence of the prefect of the mission; d) the universities; e) the Catholics usually live in the mountain areas and in the islands. It would be wise to send more missionaries to these regions; f) there is not even one Catholic bishop in Scotland, it is advised to send a bishop to Scotland once every seven years; g) there are many regular priests in Scotland, especially Jesuits; h) there are many regular and secular Scottish priests outside Scotland in the Colleges, who are actually obliged to work for the mission but who are not able to, or do not want to go back; i) there are many youths in Scotland suited for study, and they should be sent to the Colleges outside the country; j) the Catholics should not send their children to Protestant schools; k) the school teachers need more money; l) the school teachers could also help as priests during festivities; m) there are four overseas Colleges for the Scottish youth, but they should be inspected better by the nuncio or the bishops; n) especially the College in Rome should be visited; o) the students should be carefully selected so that the most talented will be send to the Colleges; p) there should be appointed someone who would make sure that the decrees are followed in the Colleges; q) the students should first be send to the missionaries since they do not learn missionary activities in the College; r) there are relatively few missionaries compared to the amount of Catholics, therefore more should be sent; s) there is a shortage of chalices and other Holy objects, it is asked whether they could send more; t) money is also needed for books; u) there is often not enough money for the priests in Scotland; v) to persuade the students to go to Scotland, they should be given the promise that when they get old or fall ill they will be taken care off; w) the faculties of the missionaries should be limited; x) cases of conscience; y) the prefect of the mission should be able to give dimissory letters, or there should be send a bishop who could do this; z) in the Collegio Urbanothere are two or three youths from outside the mountains; aa) there should be a visitation to the mission in Scotland; ab) maybe there should be a superior general of the mission; ac) they ask for a hospital in Dieppe or Caen; ad) they ask to give the prefect the power to appoint a vice prefect; ae) they ask to give the prefect the power to give faculties to priests; af) Pope Urban had given the mission a subsidy, and they would like to have another subsidy or fund; ag) questions about absolution for the students of the Colleges, of whom the greater part has been a heretic at some moment in their lives; ah) translation of books; and ai) translation of the compendium of Baronius in English.
Additional comments
The identity of the creator is rather vague but William Lesley seems the most likely candidate. He was the procurator in Rome of the Scottish mission. This same file (APF Scozia vol. 1) also contains another relation that he worked on and some letters from his hand. Moreover at some point the text says "Per parte poi del Procuratore/ della Miss’ne." So it seems that he has at least something to do with it. It is also possible that the report was written around the same time as the other report, in 1678
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
[William Lesley]
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Adressed to the Congregazione particolare
[William Lesley]
Destination:
Jesuits
Mission reports
Origin: [Rome]
Petitions for faculties
Report
Scotland
Scottish Catholics abroad
Visitation
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
814
Source
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APF CP 26, 13r-v
Title
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Scheme of the distribuition of missionaries over Scotland, [1681], [Rome]
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
[1681]
Coverage
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Origin:[Rome]
Type
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Minutes
Format
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original; unsigned
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
Jesuits
Scotland
Visitation
Description
An account of the resource
Scheme of the distribution of missionaries over Scotland made by PF secretary, [Edoardo Cibo] and the visitor to Scotland [Alexander Lesley]. In the province of Galloway there is one secular priest and two Jesuits. In the province of Clydesdale there is also one secular priest. In the province of Aberdeen there is a secular priest who also serves in The Mearns, and in Marr there is one secular priest. In 'Brȩmaria' [Breadalbane?] there is one Jesuits, as with 'Gariotha' [Garioch?], in Strathbogie there is one secular priest, and the same goes for Buchan. In Banff there is one secular priest, which is the same as 'Glenlivetta' [The Glenkens?] and Stratdon, where there is also only one secular priest. As for the mountains, there is one secular priest in 'Kaintyria' [Kintyre?] who serves at 'Caia,' and in Moidart there is one secular priest. In Loch Ness there is one secular priest that works at Knoydart, in 'Glenghecia' there is also one secular priest, and for 'Glenvicchia', 'Arasaica' and 'Morarese' [Moray?] there is only one secular priest. For Stratglassia, Glen Urqharta and Glen Moriston there is also one secular priest. In the Aird and other districts there is one secular priest. In 'Rossia' and 'Assinsiria' there is one secular priest. For the islands, there is one secular priest for Eigg, Rùm, Skye, another one serves at Canna and its surroundings, at Barra there is also a secular priest, as is one for 'Vistusa', Benbecula, 'Harriessa' [Harris?].
Additional comments
Alexander Lesley arrived in Rome on 4 December 1680. Consequently he probably made this document at the end of 1680, or sometime during the following year.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
[Edoardo Cibo]
[Alexander Lesley]
[Alexander Lesley]
[Edoardo Cibo]
Jesuits
Minutes
Origin:[Rome]
Scotland
Visitation
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Vincentian Missionaries in Seventeenth-century Europe and Africa
Description
An account of the resource
An annotated collection of primary sources tracing the activities of the Congregation of the Mission in Europe and Africa. The documents listed here are drawn from the Vatican and Propaganda Fide archives and illustrate the missionary activities of the Congregation from its inception (1625) to the last decades of the seventeenth century. They underscore a rich and complex relationship with the Roman Curia and highlight the role of the papacy in shaping early modern religious, cultural and political frontiers in the context of the Catholic Reformation.
Document
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
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815
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
APF CP 26, 302r-327r
Title
A name given to the resource
Itenery of Alexander Lesley the visitor to the mission of Scotland, [1681]
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
[1681]
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Origin:[Rome]
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Report
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
original; unsigned
Language
A language of the resource
Italian
Subject
The topic of the resource
Conversion
Jesuits
Plague
Scotland
Scottish Catholics abroad
Visitation
Description
An account of the resource
Itinerary of Alexander Lesley, the visitor to the mission of Scotland. In May 1677 he was elected visitor to the mission of Scotland by PF, and he received the instructions in October that same year. While he was staying in Strathbogie he received news from the prefect of the mission, Alessandro Winstero [Alexander Winster], that post for him had arrived from Rome. He had someone pick it up at the palace of the marquess of Huntley. Reading the letters he was surprised to be chosen as visitor, since he was the weakest of all the missionarie candidates. The winter of that year came earlier than usual, and on 15 October it was already snowing. Despite this, he went travelling around the sheriffdom of Aberdeen to visit the usual places, and to also gather the require information.. Several times his work was delayed by the bad weather, and he asked his superior for more money because he needed to travel through the provinces of Aberdeen and Banff, to find Alexander Winster. Eventually however, he did not really give him the answers he wanted. It seemed as if he made his answers agree with those of the Jesuits, while only saying general things and excluding any information about individuals. He begged Winster to answer him, but, as will become clear later, it took him very long to get a response. In the meantime he went to the south of Scotland, to find the superior of the Jesuits. Because of the bad weather it was impossible to travel any longer, and he was forced to stay at 'Monte Rosa.' In these times he met a Jesuit named Murray, but his actual name was Roberto Spreull, and he asked him to tell his superior that he really wanted to meet him. For the rest of January he stayed in Mernia [The Mearns?], and halfway through February he went up north to visit Banff to help the Catholics living there. At the house of the Barone di Balquain [Baron of Balquhain] he met another Jesuits, Giorgio Lesleo [George Lesley], and he also asked him to persuade the Jesuit superior to talk to him. Halfway through Lent he went to Moray, and there he wrote a letter to Roberto Monrho [Robert Monro], asking him to come down from the mountains to talk to him at Bogh [Gordon Castel] in 'Ainzia' [Enzie?] in April. While he was staying in Inverness he helped many Catholics that had not seen a priest for a long time. The Catholics there were very happy to see them, and he decided to stay there for a longer period. From here he returned to Muray and Angus, and at the end of April he eventually had to go to Gordon Castel (the palace of the marquess of Huntley, which was close to the river Spey). There he met Monro and together they travelled to Inverness. For their travel into the mountains they bought cloths made according to the custom of the Highlands. They travelled to Loch Ness over the river with the same name. There they met the missionary Francesco Bianchi [Francis White]. From there they went to The Aird, where they stayed in the house of Alessandro Frasero di Kinnaries, who whilst staying in Rome had met Lesley’s brother [William Lesley]. From there they went to Strathglass whose lord and almost all his vassals are devout Catholics. Because they had a mountainous road ahead of them, they had to leave their horses behind. From there they went to Invergarry, where they stayed at the residence of the Count Macdonel [MacDonell], who is also a Catholic. Here he fell sick and the wife of MacDonell advised him to return, but Lord MacDonell himself was convinced that he should continue. They arrived at Loch Lochy, almost everybody here was a heretic for which reason it was hard to find a place to sleep. They were forced to pay prices three times as high as the usual rate. The next day they went to Loch Eil by boat, and they walked to a town, were they were treated well by the Catholics. They continued their journey by boat to ‘Glenallandaill’ where the rain forced them to stay for eight days. This was the land of Moidart where almost everybody is Catholic. From here he sent a letter to Paris, which was received by Barclaio [Robert Barclay], reporting that there was one student who would be very suitable for his College. Afterwards they took another boat, and Monro had to climb a mountain to visit a very ill Catholic. In the evening they took a boat to Kyndloch [Kindlocheil?], where the lord of Moidart had a house. They stayed in a another house though on an island called ‘Zona’ [Shuna?]. They stayed there for five or six days in order to help all the Catholics. They travelled through ‘Glenwik’ and went to a place called Arasaika [Airsag?]. The priest who used to stay here, Giorgio Fannero, an Irish Dominican, had died. The population was very happy to see Monro, but when they heard that the priests were planning to leave for the islands within three days, their happiness turned into resentment. The next day they left from Cape Keapach [Keppoch?] and they went to the island of Eigg and from there to another island, Rùm. There are not many inhabitants but they are all very pious Catholics, even though they are living without any priests. From there they went to the island of Canna, all inhabitants were Catholics and received them with great enthusiasm. The inhabitants wanted them to baptize their children. Sometime before a few heretic priests had visited the island as well, and tried to do the same. From there they left for the island of Barra and ended up lost in a fog which caused an argument among the sailors. It would have been very dangerous if they would get past the last of the islands, in that case the currents could lead them all the way to America or Nova Zembla. When the fog cleared up they saw the island of Uist, and from there they went to Eriskay, where they stayed with the old widow of the lord of Moidart. From Eriskay they went to Barra, where they stayed for most of the time at the castle, also known as Kisimul Castle. As in all the places they visited, the inhabitants were very frustrated when Monro left. Lesley believes that if he had not been with him they would have forced Monro to stay. They only let him go when he promised to bring their problems to the Holy See. They travelled further, first back to Eriskay, then to the southern part of Uist. They stayed there for three weeks, which still was not enough to help everybody; Lesley could only talk to people with the help of an interpreter. He visited many other islands, which he does not describe. When he had all the information he needed, Lesley returned to the mainland. Also it was safer to return before August. A lord from the islands, of the house of MacDonell, helped them find a boat. Lord MacDonell said that Lesley’s mission to bring the notion of their misery to the pope was more important than anything else. First they had to wait till the sea became a bit calmer, then they went to Canna. The more they helped the people there, the harder it got to escape from them. Many times Lesley wished he could stay there to serve their religious needs. From Canna they went to Loch Morar and further to Loch Nevis, where they wanted to visit the island of Skye and help the Catholics in Knoydart. In Skye they found a discord between two MacDonell families. Afterwards they returned to Loch Nevis. Because of the heavy rain they were forced to stay there and Lesley had the time to see more of the region of Lochaber. Later, they entered a part of this region named ‘Locherkik.’ Because of his illness and the continuous rain, he really believed he would die there. Because the people there were heretics, they did not want to sell them anything. Sometimes though the heretics asked them to baptize their children. It still hurts Lesley to think about how many souls are lost because of a shortage of priests. Because he was ill he was forced to retreat in the house of the count of MacDonell. Later he continued to visit the rest of the region, where the possible harvest is great, but the priests few. It was moving to see how good the people were in absence of priests. After Lochaber they went to Invergarry, Loch Ness, Glenmoriston, Stratherrick and many other places. Everywhere they asked Lesley for priests to help them. He went back to Strathglass, the Aird and eventually Inverness. After this, Monro went back to the mountains, Lesley prepared himself to go back to the Lowlands. He returned to Moray and to Gordon Castle. Through Banff, Aberdeen and ‘Mervia’ he arrived in Angus. Here he had to visit his doctor and friend Dieson, and because of his illness stayed for eight weeks. In these times, a rumor of an alleged conspiracy, resulted in a persecution of Catholics not only in England but also in Scotland. With Gods help he was not arrested. While he was staying at ‘Monte Rosa’ he received a letter from Francesco Irvino [Francis Irvin] after which he immediately left the city; if he had not done so he would have fallen in their hands. A Jesuit priest had already been arrested and they had searched the houses of Catholics. All the Catholics gathered around them crying because he had to leave. His biggest concern were his notes, which he did not want to destroy. The doctor gave him a horse to flee to the countryside on, through the cold winter. He stayed at the house of a Catholic named Bridgeford. Here, close to the mountains, he was safe, because priests could always travel easily there. Many Catholics told Lelsey that the heretics were looking for him. At the same time the Jesuits had written to his superior that he was a Jansenist, and had done the Jesuit order wrong. Other Jesuits tried to set the Catholics up against him, and were told that he only obtained the position of visitor because of his brother, [William Lesley], who was the procurator of the mission in Rome. Many of his friends warned him against these accusations. He understood very well that his enemies just wanted him to make a mistake, so that they would have something to base their allegations on. Near Christmas 1678 he arrived in ‘Balvenia’ [Balvenie?] where he would hide until the persecutions would be over. He stayed at the house of his brother Giovanni in "Tullocalma" [Tullochalum?] where he celebrated Christmas. The priest of ‘Balvenia’ (who Lesley thought was a friend), told the authorities of Banff about him staying there. Lesley already had been afraid of this, and made sure he never stayed at the same place too long in the provinces of ‘Glentinetta,’ ‘Stradaunia’ [Stratdon?] and other places. He left his notes in a secret place in the mountains to protect them. From the beginning of May he travelled through Banff and Aberdeen, in the latter he was almost captured. He was staying there to rest and the old lady of Pesfodels [Pitfodels?] visited him often. One day when a heretic saw Lesley entering the house of this lady, he told the authorities. At the discussion of the magistrate, ‘lo Spione’ (a friend of this lady), went to her house to warn her. Lesley fled the house and stayed in the countryside till sunrise. After dawn he went to the house of a Catholic friend, Ricardo Irvino. From there he went to the mountains. While walking around in ‘Mervia’ he was forced to stay for three months with the aforementioned Bridgeford, because his legs were swollen. He had to spend a lot of money, in order to get the right medicine from Deison. In the fall of 1679 he went to Angus were he wrote to his superior, asking him to respond to some questions of his instruction; he already asked these questions a year earlier, and luckily he answered them shortly afterwards. At the end of fall he went to Gordon Castle. In December 1679 he arrived in Edinburgh to visit the southern parts of Scotland. Because the duke of York or Albany was staying there, everything was very expensive. He talked with him and with the duchess. In the meantime he was still waiting for the response of his superior. Eventually he came to Edinburgh, but only for a small amount of time, for which he could not answer all the questions. The superior told Lesley that he could answer his questions after returning from the north, after Easter 1680. Eventually Lelsey received the information he needed himself from the Catholics of ‘Laudonia’ [Lothian?], Galloway and Clydesdale and others and went to the north himself. In May 1680 he arrived at Gordon Castle, here he met his superior who told Lesley that he could not answer his questions, because he lost the paper containing them. For this reason Lesly was forced to travel to the place where he left his notes (at ‘Drummaica’), 60 miles from the Castle. By then he only wanted to answer after Lesley had let him read the response written by the Jesuits. When he had collected all the things he needed, Lelsey said that he wanted to go to Rome. When they saw that he was serious they started to write him letters and give him recommendations. In the meantime his superior met the superior of the Jesuits in Edinburgh to talk about the visitation. At the end he received a letter from his superior saying that he should not damage the relation between the Jesuits and the secular priests. Lesley told him that he could only tell the truth. Many have tried to support his visitation, almost everyone in fact, except the superior of the Jesuits. The great disposition of the Catholics has always given him great support. He did not want to leave his spiritual children behind, but for the good of the mission he had to do it. Eventually on 6 July 1680, he took a boat from Germoch [Garmouth] leaving for Rotterdam. The wind though blew them off course. After they passed ‘Sarmouth’ [Yarmouth?] they were struck by a tempest. There was nothing to eat and they did not have any fresh water. The wind blew them in the direction of the north of Holland. At Texel they took a pilot to lead them to port. He was forced to travel through the northern part of Holland to Amsterdam, and from there Lesley went to Rotterdam by boat. Eventually he arrived in Brussels, from where he went to Paris by coach. Because the plague ravaged Germany it was better to go through France. He had to stay a month in Paris to buy clothes and to arrange his notes. On 6 October 1680 Lesley begun his travel to Rome, until Auxerre he went by river, and from Auxerre until Chalon by road, and from Chalon to Lyon he went by water again. In Lyon he waited a while until there were horses to cross the Alps. By Turin and Piacenza he reached Loreto, and he reached Rome on 4 December 1680.
Additional comments
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Alexander Lesley
Alexander Lesley
Conversion
Jesuits
Origin:[Rome]
Plague
Report
Scotland
Scottish Catholics abroad
Visitation