Letter from Francesco Gatta to PF, 1681-05-18, Tunis
Barbary (unspecified or several locations)
Algiers
Bizerte
Corsairs
Galleys
Salé
Slaves (Christian)
Tripoli
Tunis
Letter from Francesco Gatta to PF. Gatta has informed PF as well as Gio' Levascer [Jean Le Vacher] the vicar apostolic in Algiers, about the most important matters of the mission in Tunis. Le Vacher released Gatta from his side to go to Tunis. Some people from Messina who had enough of the Pascia tried to be favored by the grand vizier of Constantinople, in order to obtain Turkish troops for Sicily. Giuseppe Marchese was secretly connected with Mamet Agha (the Turkish ambassador in Tunis), to intermediate in the wars that divided the country. By means of this ambassador, he sent his message to Constantinople. From the returning ship, they received no other news except that it disembarked from Naples in the Romagna; there Giuseppe boarded a ship together with four of his children. Gatta hopes that the ambassadors of the Christian princes will be wise enough to stop him. When he was in Algiers, he came to understand that in Salé, there were many Christian slaves who were left without a priest, because of the pest. Likewise, in Tétouan there are 500 Christian slaves without a priest. When Gatta asked the vicar apostolic for permission to go to Tétouan, however it was not granted. Then, the prefect of Tripoli, Da Castel'vetrano [Girolamo Da Castelverrano] saw that in his decree, Salé was annexed to the mission of Tripoli. As the city is 1,700 Italian miles away by sea, it is impossibile to serve them from Tripoli. Because the city has been abandoned, he begged Da Castelverrano to either visit once every seven years, send two companions there (and two others for Tétouan), or to ask PF to provide these cities with missionaries. Da Castelverrano promised him that he would go himself, but because years have passed and nobody has visited, he decided to inform PF. If they decide to send two missionaries, then it would be best to imbark from Marseille. The people who go there however, must be willing to suffer a lot, considering the people there are more barbaric and wild. He also sends PF a list of all the cities and places with Christian slaves, and their distance from Tripoli. List with distances from Tripoli: a) in Tripoli in Barbary, live a little more than a thousand Christian slaves of various nations. From Tripoli to Tunis, the distance is 500 Italian miles, from Tunis to Utica (today Porto Farina), the distance is 24 Italian miles, and from Porto Farina to Bizerte, the distance is 26 Italian miles; b) in Tunis there are around 2,000 Christian slaves, and a few free Christians. In Porto Farina and Bizerte (that are part of the same mission), there are around 200 ships and galleys. In Caponegro there are around 40 free Christians amongst whom soldiers and merchants. From Bizerte to Algiers, the distance is 450 Italian miles. In Algiers there are around 5,000 Christian slaves, even though the size of the city is only a quarter of Tunis. There are however, 46 ships, two galleys, and two other small boats. From Algiers to Orano, the distance is 300 Italian miles, from Oran to Melilla, the distance is 100 Italian miles, from Mellila to Pignon, the distance is 60 Italian miles; c) the places of Oran, Melilla and Pignon are under the king of Spain. Except for soldiers there are farmers, free people, and they have their own parishes and chapels. From Pignon to Tétouan, the distance is 80 Italian miles; d) in Tétouan, a city of the Moors, there are 500 Christian slaves and no-one to administer the sacraments. From Tétouan to Ceuta, also a Spanish city, the distance is 20 Italian miles, and from Ceuta to Tanger, a place in the hands of the English, the distance is 30 Italian miles and from Tanger to Salé, the distance is 200 Italian miles; and e) Salé is a place of the Moors, in the kingdom of Fez, and there are around 500 Christians without priests. The priests stay in Fez and cannot travel around because the countryside is filled with robbers. From Tripoli to Salé is 1,790 miles over sea. He is not sure whether one could do this in a year because of the difficulties of travelling and the few possibilities of doing so.
Additional comments
Francesco Gatta
APF SC Barbaria 1, 502r-503r
1681-05-18
Adressed to [PF}
original; signed
Italian
Letter
899
Origin: Tunis
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Francis White to [William Lesley?], 1667-04-29
Scotland
Mission reports
Conversion
Non-Catholic Christians
Copy of a letter from Francis White [to William Lesley?]. He writes that he has visited [Alexander] Winster, whom he had not seen for four years. He went a very long way in order to ask Winster for the things needed for his very poor mission. Winster himself came to see White the previous autumn [1666] but did not find him, as White was far away on the islands and had fallen ill. White writes that whilst Winster had assisted him financially, the need for more missionaries is even more urgent than before. The promised help has not yet arrived, but the vastness of the area and the amount of converts, would provide enough work for twelve priests. Missionaries are also needed because, while there is great faith in God in this region, the people know nothing about the Catholic faith. They abhor the Protestant ministers, but there are no Catholic priests to replace them. White also writes that the superior [René Alméras] of his brother [John White] will send the latter to Scotland, only if [William Lesley] convinces the PF to write to Alméras and the nuncio to France on this matter. White furthermore asks that [William Lesley] convince PF to send money for books and approximately one thousand rosaries and other similar things. The letter is dated 29 April 1667, but it was received in Rome in 1668.
Date received 1668
Additional comments
Although the addressee is not mentioned explicitly, it is very likely to be William Lesley. This is because Francis White talks about the addressee's task of convincing PF of certain needs of the Scottish mission. This was precisely the task of the procurator of that mission in Rome, namely William Lesley.
Francis White
APF SOCG 308, 358v-360r
1667-04-29
Addressed to [William Lesley?]
This item belongs to a compilation of copies that were made at the same time. The compilation includes database items 351-359 and 368 (APF SOCG 308, 345r-362v). On f. 362v, which is the last page of the compilation, a notation reads: "Lettere venute da Scotia, 1668".
Italian
Letter
358
Origin: [Scotland]
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Francis White to [William Lesley?], 1668-01-01
Scotland
Mission reports
Franciscans
Copy of a letter from Francis White [to William Lesley?]. He has not received any answer to his letter dated March 1667, and he states that no missionary has come to help him. [Alexander] Winster had written to him that he was sure that his brother [John White] would come, but now, White writes that [René] Alméras does not want him to go, although White is certain that his brother would be very happy to do so. He [either Winster or Alméras] wrote to White that two Franciscans were coming to help him, but they have not arrived yet, and they have not written to [Alexander] Winster either. White proposes that PF write to some prelate in Ireland or to his brother, Edmondo Bianchi [Edmond White], vicar apostolic in Limerick; the latter would certainly be able to send some good clerics. In this way they could avoid relying on priests who never behave like secular ones, but instead have their own "particular practices." The letter dated 1 January 1668.
Additional comments
Although the addressee is not mentioned explicitly, it is very likely that it is William Lesley, since the format of this copy is the same as that of other copies of letters sent to William Lesley.
Francis White
APF SOCG 308, 358r-v
1668-01-01
Addressed to [William Lesley?]
This item belongs to a compilation of copies that were made at the same time. The compilation includes database items 351-359 and 368 (APF SOCG 308, 345r-362v). On f. 362v, which is the last page of the compilation, a notation reads: "Lettere venute da Scotia, 1668".
Italian
Letter
357
Origin: Scotland
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Giovanni Battista Garbi a slave in Algiers to [the PF Prefect, Paluzio Altieri], 1677-05-20, Tunis
Algiers
Conversion
Poland
Ransom
Slaves (Christian)
Letter from Giovanni Battista Garbi to PF. The slave Gian Battista Garbi, who used to work in the service of Abbot Carlo Grapi in the court of his Eminence in Poland, threw himself at his knees before his Emminence. He begged his Eminence for some alms, in order to help him out of the infernal pains that he is suffering in slavery. His master is mistreating him, in order to make him a renegade of the faith of Christ, or to ransom himself. He is however not able to buy his own freedom, because his master asks for 400 scudi. For this reason he asks the viceroy and the mother of his eminence, to give him some alms to help his ransom. Garbi asks the nuncio to Spain to recommend him to the redemption Fathers, who come to Algiers to ransom slaves; they ask him to write down his name, Gian Battista Garbi Omperial, who is a slave in the baths of the Divan.
Additional comments
Gian Battista Garbi
APF SC Barbaria 1, 407r-408r
1677-05-20
[Adressed to Paluzio Altieri]
original; signed
Italian
Letter
886
Origin: Algiers
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Girolamo Da Sassari to PF, 1668-06-26 Tunis
Tunis
Algiers
Capuchins
Tripoli
Slaves (Christian)
Letter from Girolamo Da Sassari to PF in which he describes the persecutions that he and the other Christians suffered in Tunis and how they came to an end. He writes that he has received a letter from Jean Le Vacher saying that he will become vicar apostolic in Algiers, with full authority over the church of Tunis. This surprises him greatly, since the mission was assigned to him with a PF decree on 25 November 1666. He moreover accuses Jean Le Vacher of greediness. Lastly he asks for a missionary patent for Father Antonio Di Seravezza, his companion. The letter signed and dated 26 June 1668.
Date discussed 1668-11-19
Additional comments
Girolamo Da Sassari
APF SOCG 254, 209r-210r
1668-06-26
Addressed to PF
For the summary of this document and for the decision by the general meeting of PF, see: APF SOCG 254, 228r-v, 229r 230r-231r, 232v, 233v (database item 403).
For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see: APF ACTA 37, 247r, 259r-262v (same information as in the mentioned summary (database item 403); not in this database).
Italian
Letter
401
Origin: Tunis
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Giuseppe Maria Da Bologna and Francesco Gatta to [PF], 1683-09-08, Tunis
Algiers
Bizerte
Capuchins
Slaves (Christian)
Letter from Giuseppe Maria Da Bologna and Francesco Gatta to PF. Since Gio' LeVascher [Jean Le Vacher] has recently been killed in Algiers by the Barbarians (as has been reported through various channels), they regard it their duty to report the event to PF. PF came to hear about the event, by the means of CM in France. The reason for why he was killed is still not completely clear. BDue to the distance and the fact that the country is in great disarray, it has been hard find concrete answers. Some say that Le Vacher, in his function of French consol, informed the French army about the decision taken by the tribune of the Divan to make slave 500 French Christians, who were staying there for commerce. Because they were consequently saved, the anger was directed at Le Vacher. He was tied to a canon that was fired, blowing him into 1000 pieces. Others say, it was because they wanted to stop the French army from bombarding the city, and also because after the Turks had freed all the French slaves, the ships still continued to attack the city. Others said that Le Vacher had given a signal from his house to the French army.
Additional comments
The content of this letter is practically the same as another one, the only difference being that that one has (besides Giovanni Maria Da Bologna), also been signed by Christomo Da Genova (instead of Francesco Gatta). This one seems to have been written by Francesco Gatta, after which Giovanni Maria Da bologna added his name. Whereas in the other letter, Giovanni Maria Da Bologna seems to have been the principal creator of the letter.
Francesco Gatta
Christomo Da Genova
APF SC Barbaria 2, 44r
1683-09-08
[Adressed to PF]
original; signed
Italian
Letter
910
Origin: Tunis
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Giuseppe Maria Da Bologna to Giambattista Da Sabbio, the Capuchin Procurator General, 22 February 1683, Tunis
Capuchins
Slave priests
Tunis
Letter from Gioseffo M'a da Bologna [Giuseppe Maria Da Bologna] to Gio Batt'a da Sabbio [Giambattista Da Sabbio]. He wants the Capuchin procurator general to know, that last year they found themselves in a difficult situation; there were three Fathers in Tunis, all having only one bath to serve, meaning that they only received six pezze da otto every month, plus the two or three they received on other occasions. That made around 20 in total. They paid four families they were staying with 10 pezze for wine and bread. Monsù le Vascher [Jean Le Vacher] knowing this very well, wrote to PF for help. He asked to let the priests stay in the bagno, or provide them with 36 pezze. Consequently, they were allowed to stay in the bagno, however this became obsolete after the arrival of the slave priests. Now the only priest left is Da Bologna, and he only has two bagno's left to serve; there are even enough slave priests present in the city to only serve one. The rent of the house has been raised by nine pezze, making a total of 45. He asks the procurator general to at least help the mission pay the higher rent.
Additional comments
Giuseppe Maria Da Bologna
APF SC Barbaria 2, 11r-12v
1683-02-22
Adressed to Giambattista Da Sabbio
signed
Italian
Letter
903
Origin: Tunis
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Giuseppe Maria da Genoa to the PF secretary [Francesco Ingoli], 1648-04-14, Tabarca
Tunis
Capuchins
Letter from Giuseppe Maria da Genoa, prefect of the Capuchin mission in Tabarca, mentioning, among other things, the conflict in Tunis between Julien Guérin and a Jesuit Father from Naples (a senior chaplain of the king of Spain), called d'Angelo. d'Angelo seemingly tried to gain some income from the church in his possession (the church of St. Anthony), due to which Guérin chased him away, "under the pretext of service without merchandise." Brother Giuseppe Maria tried to reconcile the two of them, but without much success, what with the two being from "rival" nations, and Father Angelo feeling that he had been wronged and holding a grudge against Guérin. Moreover, Guérin questioned the authority of Brother Giuseppe Maria in the matter, "as if he was in the wrong and did not want me [Giuseppe] to interfere," and since Brother Giuseppe Maria had not received the patent for the vicarate of Carthage, which he had been promised by PF, he did not want to interfere any further, other than by the force of words and entreaties to peace. PF note does not mention any decision or response.
Date received 1648-06-06
Additional comments
Only the paragraph relevant to Julien Guérin is transcribed in the attached file.
Giuseppe Maria da Genoa
APF SOCG 65, 203r-v, 212r-212v
1648-04-14
Addressed to [Francesco Ingoli]
Original; signed, dated; Italian
Italian
Letter
135
Origin: Tabarca
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Giuseppe Maria da Genoa to the PF secretary [Francesco Ingoli], 1648-04-29, Algiers
Algiers
Capuchins
Corsairs
Slave priests
Plague
Letter from Giuseppe Maria da Genoa (Brother Giuseppe Maria), prefect of the Capuchin mission in Tabarca, letting PF know he had arrived in Algiers several days before, and that the plague continued to ravage the city. He mentions three priests in Algiers at that time (including himself), and that one of them, whom he does not name, was afraid of catching the disease, and therefore was showing some "reserve." Nevertheless he (Brother Giuseppe Maria) is making sure that all Christians receive the Holy sacraments and the required spiritual aid. Brother Giuseppe Maria also heard that a corsair ship was in the area, with three religious men captive on board, two of whom were ordained priests and the third a secular person; he is hoping that they would be brought to Algiers, rather than Tunis, so that they might provide assistance to him and the other two priests in Algiers. Brother Giuseppe Maria would like to add more details on the improvements that could be brought to the Algiers mission, and to the abuses that occur everyday, but "time does not allow for such repose." PF note on 211v mentions that no response was deemed necessary because, "shortly" after the receipt of this letter, news of Brother Giuseppe Maria's death reached PF.
Additional comments
The death of Brother Giuseppe Maria is announced to PF in a letter written in Tabarca on 9 June 1648 by Fra Bernardino da Casale (also a Capuchin), who says that Brother Giuseppe Maria of Genoa left Tabarca on 15 April and arrived in Algiers on 21 April. Brother Giuseppe Maria worked there indefatigably for a month, administering the sacraments to the Christians who had taken ill, and that at the end of one month he took ill with the same disease, and died after four or five days of illness. Brother Bernardino mentions some "included letters" that offer more details on Brother Giuseppe Maria's death, but they do not seem to have been filed in this volume. PF received Brother Bernardino's letter on 12 September 1648 (SOCG 65, 205r, 210v).
Giuseppe Maria da Genoa
APF SOCG 65, 204r, 210v
1648-04-29
Addressed to [Francesco Ingoli]
For news of Brother Giuseppe Maria's death, see: PF SOCG 65, 205r, 210v (not in this database).
Original; signed, dated; Italian
Italian
Letter
136
Origin: Algiers
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Henri Loys to Urban VIII, 1641-05-02, Poitiers
Capuchins
Petitions for faculties
France (missions in)
Conversion
Letter from the bishop of Poitiers requesting that the Papal Bull, which the late Father Giuseppe of Paris had renewed on 21 February 1635, be continued, as had been the custom so far, in the following respects: a) the faculty of hearing confessions should be granted to all missionaries approved by the ordinaries and their superiors, as has always been done until now, since the beginning of their mission; now, however, they cannot do the 40th oration, nor can they summon the people, as before, to receive the sacraments of the Holy Eucharist, and to do penitence [reasons why this is not allowed any longer are not clear from the letter]; the one missionary hearing confessions is not enough for the thousands of people in the entire diocese; b) the "companion" (a secular or regular priest) assigned to the missionary/confessor, considering that he is approved by the ordinary and his superiors, should also have the faculty to hear confessions, so that he can relieve the missionary of some of his burden; c) the number of missionaries should be raised from 20 (not enough for such a big diocese) to 30 or 40; and d) the provincial of the Tours province should establish permanent missions (confessors) in five or six places that he (the bishop of Poitiers) would indicate, otherwise the Provincial can use the pretext that he does not have the faculty to do so, as he has done in the past. At the end of the letter, the bishop adds that "the Capuchin Fathers are the only ones who help me in the conversion of heretics, especially in the countryside." (f. 328v)
Additional comments
A CM house was established in the Richelieu parish of the Poitiers diocese in January 1638; evidently that did not make a huge impact on the diocese, from the bishop's perspective, at least as far as the conversion of heretics was concerned, since he seemed to consider the Capuchins as the only missionaries who were making a difference in the countryside.
Henri Loys
APF SOCG 83, 328r-v, 331v
1641-05-02
Addressed to Urban VIII
Original; signed; Italian
Italian
Letter
70
Origin: Poitiers
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to PF, 1680-06-08, Algiers
Algiers
Slaves (Christian)
Trinitarians
Letter from Gio' le Vacher [Jean Le Vacher] to PF. From the missionaries of Rome, he received many medals that PF had given him to distribute among the slaves, in order to keep them devoted. They are a great consolation to the slaves, especially now that the war between two Bey brothers is tearing the region apart. As the indulgences conceded to the chapels have expired, he asks PF to renew them. They are for the following chapels: S. Louis of France for its celebration, and for those of S. Anthony Abbot, S. Croce, SS'ma Trinità, l'Immacolata Concezione della B.V., Saint Sebastian, S. Giuseppe, S. Carlo Borromeo, S. Francesco d'Assisi, la Madonna del Carmine, la Madonna del Rosario, S. Rocco, S. Caterina V. e M. and S. Rosalia l'annunziata. The Trinitarian Fathers have once again arrived from Spain, and have been instructed by their provincial Father to be subject to the authority of Le Vacher. Now they are writing each other letters, despite Le Vacher trying to help them; he has been maintaining their hospitals for eight months now, and is waiting for help from Spain.
Additional comments
Jean Le Vacher
APF SC Barbaria 1, 467r, 469r
1680-06-08
Adressed to [PF]
original; signed
Italian
Letter
897
Origin: Algiers
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to [PF], 1679-05-30, Algiers
Algiers
Capuchins
Conversion
Corsairs
Ransom
Slaves (Christian)
Slave priests
Trinitarians
Tunis
Letter from Jean Le Vacher. From the letters he received from PF, he understood that there was no reason to hope that the loss of souls in Barbaria could not be solved, due to not receiving the sacrament of confirmation. The Holy Spirit will have to work by itself, because the infidels will not allow spiritual assistance. PF suggested that it might be easier if there was a bishop in Algiers, however the bishop would risk his life. He thanks PF for the medals and crucifixes that he received. During the last few years, PF made it clear that the Trinitarian Fathers are subjected to his, or actually the apostolic authority. He has heard though, that the Trinitarians are trying to obtain independence from his authority, from Rome. Le Vacher deems it necessary that PF gives him a decree, declaring that the Trinitarians living in Algiers are subjected to the apostolic authority. He is suprised by the great number of missionaries that PF sends to Tunis, as there isn't a need for them; the slave priests have already complained about this. One Capuchin missionary named Cherubino [Cherubino Da Frascati], returned to Marseille because of tension between the slave priests and the apostolic missionaries. The slave priests need the alms from the Christians, for their daily lives and to also ransom themselves. PF also wrote to them about the Neapolitan priests that PF sent to Tunis, and the required faculties. Le Vacher however, told them that their services were not needed in the city. Some days ago he received the confirmation of the peace with France. This means that the corsais will not take any more French prisoners, as they had done for some years with the French and English; they also took an Catholic Irish, which he will try to assist. He ransomed a young French woman for 1,000 scudi, who had converted to Catholicism, and was about to lose her honor and faith. He sent her to Nimes in France. Two other women (one from France the other from Denmark) were also ransomed by him for 2,900 scudi and 80 lire. One Englishman converted to Catholicism and some other English and Dutch slaves are considering doing the same.
Date discussed: 1679-09-11
Additional comments
Jean Le Vacher
APF SOCG 475, 119r-120r
1679-05-30
[Adressed to PF]
For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see: APF ACTA 49, 205r, 214r-218v, issue 18 (database item 681).
Original
Italian
Letter
802
Origin: Algiers
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to PF, [1679, Algiers]
Algiers
Slave priests
Slaves (Christian)
Tunis
Trinitarians
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to PF. Some days ago Le Vacher received a letter from CM priests, one dated 16 May, and the other of 24 May; the letters listed the many complaints that the Trinitarians have brought against him. They want to be free from his authority (or better the authority that PF has bestowed upon him), as one can understand from the PF letters he attached. The Trinitarians wanted to bring complaints against him to PF. Le Vacher protests, saying that none of the issues are true. Neither could do this, without first sending someone to Algiers to collect the testimonies of the Christian slaves. He still hopes to send these in written form. He was suprised by the Spanish Trinitarians who he has always helped, as he gave them the greater part of the things they needed, and medicines and sheets from France. He maintained their hospitals for two years at his own expense, and sent a Neapolitan priest there to assist them in their work. During this time, the Trinitarian priests never wrote to him, or sent him money for the maintainance of the hospital. He is astonished by their lack of gratitude to bring these lies to PF against him. They only brought these complaints against him because they want to be free from his authority, to which PF had submitted, as one can read from the attached letters. He also feels obliged to inform PF, that the Trinitarian priests usurped the chapels of the baths of Algiers, without any foundation. Le Vacher always protested against these practices for two reasons: a) there is no legitimate basis whatsoever; and b) if they succeed in usurping these chapels, they will take the best in the city. This would mean that the poor slave priests can no longer collect charitable aid, which is needed to pay their infidel masters three pezze da otto reali every month. A certain Trinitarian named Father Bartolomeo Da Serrano has written to Le Vacher multiple times for this reason. He has attached these letters. Da Serrano had written the cross (the arms of the Trinitarians), on a picture that Le Vacher had made two years before Da Serrano's arrival in the bagno of the king. As Da Serrano had this picture placed above the Eternal Father and Jesus Christ, and not at their feet, he had it removed. After this Da Serrano told Le Vacher that he was the owner of the bagno, the altar and the picture. Da Serrano wanted to start a process against Le Vacher in Madrid, however because their claims were disputed, they brought their case to Rome. If PF would decide to free the Trinitarians from the authority of the apostolic vicar, it would make this position meaningless. Two Trinitarians that came to this city last year showed the patents from their provincial father. Because in these letters there was nothing said about the authority of the apostolic vicar, he tore them apart in their presence. He told them that they had six months to get new letters, in which his authority would be respected. He also suspended them from the administration of the sacraments. One of these priests died of the plague, the other was also afflicted but soon recovered and lived, but did not set a good example. Some time ago, he wrote to Spain asking for a substitute for the other priest. This priest tried to introduce in the hospital of the bagno of Chelibis, the veneration of saints connected to his order. He removed the pictures of saints and replaced them with one of San Roch. The Trinitarian procurator general in Rome, Ferdinando de Alaba, stated in his memorial, that the Trinitarians have had the hospitals in their possession for 70 years. He also stated that those who have been sent there are preachers, that taught children the basic principles of the faith. This is not true as they only had the hospitals from July 1663, when they were given to them by a hermit of St. Anthony of Malaga, Ermanno Pedro de la Conceptione. From alms he collected 45 or 50 thousand pezze d'otto reali. The Trinitarians take two or three thousand every year, of which they use around one thousand for the maintenance of the hospitals. For two years they did not even take care of the hospitals at all, and Le Vacher had to pay for them himself. For five or six months now, they are living on the money that the administrator takes from the poor slaves. He tells them, unjustly, that the king of Spain maintains these hospitals. Also, these priests never taught the Christian doctrine to the children in this city, because the Turks will not allow it. Moreover, most administrators are not very educated in theology, the Holy scripture, and morality. The hermit Ermanno Pedro (the founder of the hospitals who got burned at Algiers for the Holy faith), left the hospitals to the Trinitarians of Madrid, as appears in the deed made in Madrid at 2 July 1663. He wanted the money to be kept in a safe that he called 'Archivio Serrata' with two keys, one kept by Jean Le Vacher (or later vicar apostolics), and the other by the Trinitarians. The bills should have been checked by Jean Le Vacher, however there hardly comes any money from Spain, and the money that arrives, is used by the administrator for other purposes. The Trinitarians should send some priests that are more capable and more experienced. Even though the Trinitarians never show any gratitude, Le Vacher has always remained polite. Le Vacher asks PF to obtain the faculties of vicar apostolic from the pope, or to send him a confirmation of his position as archbishop of Carthage. Because he cannot show that he is vicar apostolic, the Trinitarians think that he is usurping this title.
Additional comments
This case takes place around 1679, therefore it is dated in this year, see: APF SOCG 475, 93r-98r, 124v (database item 798).
Jean Le Vacher
APF SC Barbaria 1, 445r-448r
[1679]
Adressed to [PF]
For the attached PF letters, see: APF SC Barbaria1, 449r (database item 894), APF SC Barbaria1, 449r-v (database item 895) and APF SC Barbaria1, 449v-450r (database item 896).
copy
Italian
Letter
893
Origin: [Algiers]
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to PF, 1680-09-30, Algiers
Algiers
Slaves (Christian)
Trinitarians
Tripoli
Letter from Gio' LeVacher [Jean Le Vacher] to PF. He received the letter sent by PF dated 10 April 1679, only on 10 September this year. In this letter PF tells him to instruct the Christians in Tripoli to only take the Holy sacraments of their own Catholic priests, and not with the Greeks who pretend to be allowed to administer them. For the execution of this order they have sent a ship to Tripoli, and they hope that their orders will be obeyed. A few months ago Le Vacher already informed PF about the medals and crucifixes they had sent him. Now he does this again, since he is not sure that his letter has arrived. He distributed them among the poor slaves, and they are a great comfort to them. With the Trinitarians who have arrived from Spain he has a good relation. He has maintained their hospitals for eight months, whilst he was waiting for them to arrive. When two Trinitarians were called back to Spain, he made sure that one of them was allowed to stay.
Additional comments
Jean Le Vacher
APF SC Barbaria 1, 480r-v
1680-09-30
Adressed to [PF]
The earlier letter Le Vacher sent thanking PF for the received medals and crucifixes probably also arrived, see: APF SOCG 475, 119r-120r (database item 802).
original; signed
Italian
Letter
898
Origin: Algiers
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to PF, 1681-05-29, Algiers
Algiers
Capuchins
Mercedarians
Slave priests
Slaves (Christian)
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to PF. The provicar of Tunis [Giuseppe Maria Da Bologna] gave Le Vacher some time ago a letter from PF dated 5 April 1680. In this letter PF asks him to inform them about the scandals committed by a Calabrian priest [Antonio Calandrino] and some other priests at the mission. He wrote directly to the provicar of Tunis asking for information about these cases, and the report he received in response, has been included in this letter. He also informs PF that at Tabarca and another place close to Capo Negro (which are both parts of the kingdom of Tunis), are inhabited by Genoese. In Tabarca there are only a few Augustinian priests, and at the other place, only a Trinitarian resides there, despite not receiving the permission of his superiors. Le Vacher does not know who grants these Augustinians and Trinitarian the authority to work as priests, and also whether or not they are subjected to the archbishop of Genoa; they claim that they are directly under the Holy See. He asks PF to clarify whether these two places are subjected to the vicariate of Tunis. He has also heard that the Mercedarian priests from Aragon will come in October to ransom slaves, and in April of the following year, will ransom those from the provinces of Castile and Andalusia. Le Vacher notes that due to his old age and his deteriorating health, the new priests will be of great assistance, as it is currently impossible for him to celebrate mass.
Date discussed: 1682-09-30
Additional comments
Jean Le Vacher
APF SOCG 498, 178r-179r
1681-05-29
[Adressed to PF]
For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see: APF ACTA 51, 279r, 296v-299r (not yet in this database).
See for the report of the missionaries in Tunis: APF SOCG 498, f. 177r-v, 180r (database item 806).
Original: signed
Italian
Letter
807
Origin: Algiers
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to the PF Prefect [Paluzio Altieri], 1681-08-29, Algiers
Algiers
Capuchins
Slaves (Christian)
Trinitarians
Tunis
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to PF. Some days ago he received a letter from a CM superior in Rome, from which Le Vacher understood that Altieri believed that he had extended his jurisdiction over Tripoli, where he had sent a censure of excommunication. PF asked him with a letter dated 30 April 1680, to remedy some problems with Greek slaves in Tripoli, who exercised ecclesiastical functions and administered the sacraments. He has done nothing else, and would not have done anything were it not for PF's request. Later the superior of the house in Rome wrote to him again, informing him that there had been a request to declare Gasparo Stella missionary apostolic in Algiers, and that PF had requested Le Vacher's opinion; so far, he has not yet received a reply. He does however, have a great need of help in the spiritual care of the Christians. His old age and continuous illness has deprived him of the consolation of saying mass, and impeded him to send PF reports on the mission regularly. Therefore, he asks PF to send the new missionary as soon as possible. A French merchant wrote to him some time ago from Tunis, that a group of Capuchins arrived in the city. He had problems allowing there presence, as he (nor Le Vacher) knew that they were coming. Now Le Vacher asks PF what he should do with these Capuchins. In the kingdom of Tunis there is also a place called Capo Negro, which has recently been inhabited by the Genoese. A Trinitarian from Messina fled from Sicily without permission and arrived in Tunis, where Le Vacher forced him to leave as well. He took refuge in Capo Negro, where he is exercising sacerdotal functions. He already asked the governor of this place twice, to make this priest return to Christendom. He asks PF to tell him whether he has jurisdiction over Capo Negro or not, so he is aware of what he is allowed to do.
Additional comments
Jean Le Vacher
APF SC Barbaria 1, 511r-512r
1681-08-29
Adressed to [PF]
For the FP letter that Le Vacher did not receive yet, see: APF LETTERE 70, 43r-v (database item 642).
original; signed
Italian
Letter
901
Origin: [Algiers]
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to the PF Prefect [Paluzio Altieri], 1681-12-13, Algiers
Algiers
Slaves (Christian)
Tunis
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to PF. He received two letters from PF, one dated 5 May 1681, and the other dated 17 October 1681. In the first letter, they ask him about his opinion on a new missionary. He already responded to this request, by saying that his old age and his illness do not allow him to work for the mission as he used to. He has great need for help at the mission, therefore he asks PF to appoint this candidate as missionary. In the second letter, he received a leaflet about the universal jubilee, which he has to publish. He will do it right away, and make sure that these poor slaves will be spiritually consoled. Because of the renewed warfare between Algiers and France, the slaves have increased in numbers since October. In the last two months there have been over twenty priests (regulars as well as seculars), enslaved. Because they were completely naked, he provided them with the habit of their oders, as well as other clothing. He also gives them other possessions to live, as their patrons do not give them anything. To be extempt from work, they are also required to pay three scudi every month.
Additional comments
Jean Le Vacher
APF SC Barbaria 1, 532r-v
1681-12-13
Adressed to [PF]
For the first letter from PF to Le Vacher, see: APF LETTERE 70, 43r-v (database item 642).
Le Vacher responded in another letter to the request of the missionary status for Stella, see: APF SC Barbaria1, 511r-512r (database item 901).
original; signed
Italian
Letter
902
Origin: [Algiers]
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to the PF secretary [Mario Alberizzi], 1666-04-23, Tunis
Tunis
Slaves (Christian & Muslim)
Ransom
Renegades
Letter from Jean Le Vacher to Mario Alberizzi, in which he explains what happened with the sum of 1,000 pezze that is in the possession of PF, and also claimed by "some Maltese in Rome." He writes that this sum was given by the late Dey to Giuseppe Guevara, a renegade, for the purpose of ransoming a slave in Messina (Sicily). Shortly after he received this money, Guevara fled together with Francesco Guevara, Serafino and Vicenzo Piccinini, their families and some other renegades, and they went to Rome. On hearing this, the Dey called all priests and the most important Christian slaves, and ordered them to write to the pope that his money should be given back to him; the Dey threatened to otherwise have it paid by the free and enslaved Christians in Tunis. The pope ordered that this money be held for the Dey, who continued to claim it up until his death; after his death the Divan took over his claim. Le Vacher advises not to give the money to anyone without a clear receipt, in case the Tunisian authorities attempt to extract it from the local Christians, be they free or enslaved. Le Vacher also mentions that Francesco Guevara threatened him many times in order to force him to write to PF in support of Guevara's request for money. Le Vacher advises to spend part of it for the redemption of Vincenzo Piccinini, a brother of Giuseppe Guevara who is abused, because he helped the Guevara brothers escape. The letter dated 23 April 1666.
Additional comments
Jean Le Vacher
APF SOCG 254, 137r-138r
1666-04-23
Addressed to PF
This is a response to a letter from Jean Le Vacher to PF, see: APF Lettere 51, 17r (database item 845).
Italian
Letter
396
Origin: Tunis
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Jean-François de Gondi to the nuncio to France, Guido Bentivoglio d'Aragona [1627], Paris
Cardinal rings
Copy of a letter fragment from the archbishop of Paris to Cardinal Bentivoglio regarding the cardinal ring fee, in which the archbishop explains that it is not his responsibility to pay it.
Date discussed 1627-05-21
Additional comments
a) The document was written between the dates of database items 1 and 2; based on its content, it was most likely written between April-May 1627; b) this is possibly the missing attached file to SOCG 129, 10r,16v (database item 2); c) Cardinal Bentivoglio was nuncio to France in 1616-1621; and d) elsewhere it is suggested that Bentivoglio was in Rome at the time. See: APF SOCG 129, 10r, 16v (database item 2).
Jean-François de Gondi
APF SOCG 129, 41r, 46v
[1627]
Addressed to Guido Bentivoglio d'Aragona
APF SOCG 129 & APF SOCG 130 passim;
For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see: APF ACTA 4, 219 (database item 43).
Contemp. copy; Italian
Italian
Letter
3
Origin: Paris
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from John Irvin to [William Lesley?], 1668-03-05
Scotland
Other secular missionaries
Mission reports
Copy of a letter from Giovanni Iruino [John Irvin] to [William Lesley?]. He writes that in London he got his missionary patent and a letter from Cardinal "arberino" [Albericci], but no money. Some time ago he arrived in Edinburgh where he met [Alexander] Winster, the prefect of the mission, who has given him everything he needed for his ministry, including 10 scudi to travel to the North. He spent the 30 scudi he received from [Patrick?] Cuneo during his travel to Scotland. The letter dated 5 March 1668.
Additional comments
Although the addressee is not mentioned explicitly, it is very likely that it is William Lesley, for two reasons: a) the format of this copy is the same as that of other copies of letters addressed to William Lesley; and b) John Irvin mentions that he plans to write to PF very soon, which makes improbable that this letter is also addressed to PF.
John Irvin
APF SOCG 308, 357r-v
1668-03-05
Addressed to [William Lesley]
This item belongs to a compilation of copies that were made at the same time. The compilation includes database items 351-359 and 368 (APF SOCG 308, 345r-362v). On f. 362v, which is the last page of the compilation, a notation reads: "Lettere venute da Scotia, 1668".
Italian
Letter
356
Origin: [Scotland]
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Julien Guérin to the PF secretary [Francesco Ingoli], 1646-11-21, Tunis
Tunis
Slave priests
Conversion
Renegades
Letter from Julien Guérin to PF: a) requesting the faculty to grant a marriage dispensation to a couple who had formerly renegated the Christian faith but currently live like Christians, so that they could legitimize their children; b) relating about other converts as well as certain Turks who live like Christians; and c) decrying the scandal caused by slave priests who celebrate mass twice and sometimes thrice a day for the love of money. Regarding the last point, Guérin asks that all those who celebrate mass twice or thrice a day be excommunicated, as it causes him much grief. PF decided to forward all three issues to the pope.
Additional comments
Julien Guérin
APF SOCG 64, 258r-v, 271v
1646-11-21
Addressed to [Francesco Ingoli]
See for the response: APF ACTA 17, 315v, 320v-321r (database item 122).
See for the minutes of the PF general meeting discussing this letter: APF ACTA 17, 320v-321r, issue 10 (database item 122).
Original; signed; Italian
Italian
Letter
130
Origin: Tunis
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Julien Guérin to the PF secretary [Luigi Capponi], 1647-07-15, Tunis
Tunis
Algiers
Slaves (Christian)
Renegades
Plague
Franciscans
Letter from Julien Guérin to Cardinal Capponi, accompanying a few letters he is forwarding to PF and which he received from a Maur. Guérin apologizes that the letters are open, but he found them in this state. Guérin also mentions that: a) the plague lost some of its virulence; b) some apostates came back to the Church; c) Christian matters are going well; some Christian priests won their freedom and left, but others arrived in their stead; d) the current priests live well and help the Christians by giving them good examples; e) there are three slaves of the Minor Observant Franciscan Order who are tied to their owner for 2,000 piastre, and Guérin is asking Capponi to write to their General, because they are in danger; f) he himself is doing everything he can to help the local Christians; and g) regarding the dispensation he had previously requested for the two apostates who wanted their union recognized, there is no more need for that, since they both have died.
Additional comments
Julien Guérin
APF SOCG 64, 259r, 270v
1647-07-15
Addressed to [Luigi Capponi]
See for the PF decisions on these subjects: APF ACTA 17, 315v, 320v-321r, issue 10 (database item 122), and APF ACTA 17, 574r, 577v (database item 123).
For the letter of the French consul in Tunis attesting that the letters in the package had all been opened: APF SOCG 64, 253r, 276v (database item 129).
For another letter by Guérin with a similar content: APF SOCG 65, 206r-v, 209v (database item 137). For item g) see APF SOCG 64, 258r-v, 271v (database item 130).
Original; signed; Italian
Italian
Letter
131
Origin: Tunis
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Julien Guérin to the PF vice-prefect [Luigi Capponi], 1647-11-08, Tunis
Tunis
Slaves (Christian)
Ransom
Other religious orders
Letter from Julien Guérin with several details about the Tunis mission, emphasizing the chronic lack of priests and asking for advice on dealing with irregularities among the Christian slaves in the city, such as usury and buying stolen goods. The letter also reports on the case of a Sardinian slave of the Order of Saint Francis of Padua who almost renegated his faith on account of his hardships; Guérin asks PF to contact the general of his order with a view to ransoming him and protecting him from future temptations to commit apostasy. PF note on 209v does not indicate any response or decision.
Additional comments
Julien Guérin
APF SOCG 65, 206r-v, 209v
1647-11-08
Addressed to [Luigi Capponi]
The previous letter that Guérin mentions here is probably the one he wrote on 15 July 1647, to which the PF does not seem to have responded at all: PF SOCG 64, 259r, 270v, (database item 131).
See also: APF ACTA 17, 574r, 577v (database item 123).
Original; signed, dated; Italian
Italian
Letter
137
Origin: Tunis
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Luca Palmaro to PF, 1668-07-21, Tunis
Tunis
Slaves (Christian)
Ransom
Plague
Letter from Luca Palmaro, a slave in Tunis, to PF. He writes that he gave Jean Le Vacher 150 pezze during the plague. Jean Le Vacher once gave him 30 pezze for his needs. When the epidemic was over, Palmaro asked for the other 120 pezze back, but Jean Le Vacher refused. Therefore Palmaro can only report this to the cardinals and ask them to ensure that he will get his money back; he hopes to use the money to escape slavery. The letter signed and dated 21 June 1668.
Date discussed 1668-11-19
Additional comments
Luca Palmaro
APF SOCG 254, 207r
1668-07-21
Addressed to PF
For the summary of this document and for the decision by the general meeting of PF, see: APF SOCG 254, 228r-v, 229r 230r-231r, 232v, 233v (database item 403).
For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see: APF ACTA 37, 247r, 259r-262v (same information as in the mentioned summary (database item 403); not in this database).
Italian
Letter
400
Origin: Tunis
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Marcello Costa to the PF prefect [Paluzio Altieri], 1674-04-12, tunis
Bizerte
Capuchins
Petitions for missionary patents
Trinitarians
Tunis
Letter from Marcello Costa to PF prefect. In a letter from 30 September 1673 PF asked him to help two Tinitarians, Francesco Arendieta and Francesco Ruiz; they are still in Tabarca, but will need to be supported once they arrive. On 5 March two Capuchins arrived, Carlo D'Ancona and Vincenzo Da Frascati. The first has become provicar apostolic of Tunis. Costa himself also undertakes many missions because the two brothers mentioned above, are not able to ride on horseback, and are also not familar with the countryside. Levacher [Jean Le Vacher] has given Costa the patents for the provicariate of Bizerte, which began last October for the duration of three years. He asks PF to send him a confirmation of this position, and sends a copy of his patents to PF. PF granted Costa an annual provision of 24 scudi which is ending in August; this is why he asks PF to prolong the provision for five years. He needs the money for his living, but also for a man who assists him in his work. Besides the expenses for horses, he is also very sorry that he did not buy a habit for himself. He did not slow down his work once the other brothers arrived, as there are still many missions to do. Serving in the bagnos is a pleasant activity, but travelling on horseback for 50 or 60 miles through harsh conditions is the harder and realer part of the mission; he risks his life travelling around, and is forced to sleep on the ground between the animals.
Date discussed: 1674-06-26
Additional comments
Marcello Costa
APF SOCG 448, 140r-v, 145r-v
1674-04-12
Adressed to Paluzio Altieri
For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see: APF ACTA 44, 170r, 185v-186v, issue 39 (database item 672).
This is a response to a letter from PF which is also mentioned by Costa, see: APF LETTERE 62, 86r (database item 618).
See for the copy of Marcello Costa's patents as pro-vicar of Bizerte: APF SOCG 448, 142r (database item 781).
Original; signed
Italian
Letter
780
Origin: Tunis
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Marcello Costa to the PF Secretary Urbano Cerri, 1674-01-29, Tunis
Algiers
Bizerte
Capuchins
Renegades
Slaves (Christian)
Slave priests
Tunis
Letter from Marcello Costa to PF secretary. A month and a half ago he was assigned 30 scudi annually for the mission in Bizerte, for which he received the patent from Monsù Levacher [Jean Le Vacher]. This meant that he lost the right to receive 24 scudi annually for the mission in Tunis. Costa asked PF to repay Le Vacher the 30 scudi that he already gave to Costa. PF replied with a letter, writing that he would not receive his money before arriving in Bizerte, and he directly sent a letter back to PF in which he explained everything. However, according to Rapo Hapro this letter was aboard of a ship that sunk, hence why he is writing another letter. He already served for three years in different missions in Barbary, all at his own costs. In this area there are 20,000 Christians that never see a priest. Le Vacher knew this, and also knew how much debt Costa acquired helping them; because of this reason, he granted Costa 30 scudi. Costa has debts for 28 scudi, not because he spent money on food or clothing, but because he spent it for the church. He lost not only his money for the mission but also his health. Unfortunately he is unable to pay the 30 scudi back that Le Vacher had loaned him, and eventually to raise some money, he sold his Breviary. There are 15 bagnos in the city, and for the souls to be helped, it is necessary that PF pays the expenses. Whilst there are four other priests they are of little use; one is blind, the second an idiot who hardly knows how to say mass, the third has been freed and is about to leave, and the fourth has been chained and is not allowed to leave the bagno. It is important that PF is aware of the things that Costa is writing, as it is very dangrous to travel around in the area. If PF would decide to grant him 100 scudi annually this would be most just and necessary. He has not yet travelled to Bizerte, and he feels sorry for the souls that will be lost now. They are about to lose the great saint of the church of Africa, Jean Le Vacher, for he is too ill to leave his bed; he has spasms in his leg, which is likely to result in amputation. The two Capuchins destined for the mission have not arrived, and during feastdays he takes care of five altars all by himself. When he comes home he is so tired that he does not eat but goes directly to sleep.
Date discussed: 1674-06-26
Additional comments
Marcello Costa
APF SOCG 448, 140r-v, 145r-v
1673-01-29
Addressed to Urbano Cerri
For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see: APF ACTA 44, 170r, 185v-186v, issue 39 (database item 672).
Original; signed
Italian
Letter
779
Origin: Tunis
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Marò Aurelio Bongrazij to [PF], 1683-07-14, Civitavecchia
Civitavecchia
Slaves (Muslim)
Galleys
Letter from Maro Aurelio Bongrazij to PF. Following the orders of the Governatori delle Armi, and Cavaliere Malaspine (the commandor of the galleys), the most prominent slaves have been interrogated. They need to know whether they ever encountered difficulties, or are currently receiving difficulties, the current use of the place that they used to bury their dead, and whether this has been taken from them. They responded unanimously that they always enjoyed, and still do enjoy (without any impediment), the use of the land to bury their dead. They promised to make an authentic declaration of this, though as to date this has not het been done. They have stated that the declaration could damage them, as in the kingdom of Naples, the bodies of the Turks are burned and thrown into the sea. They showed not to have been mistreated in Civitavecchia, of which he wanted to make a declaration by Cavaliere Malaspina, but this has not yet been possible.
Additional comments
Marò Aurelio Bongrazij
APF SC Barbaria2, 38r-39v
1683-07-14
[Adressed to PF]
original: signed
Italian
Letter
906
Origin: Civitavecchia
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Marò Aurelio Bongrazij to [PF], 1683-07-28, Civitavecchia
Civitavecchia
Galleys
Letter from Maro Aurelio Bongrazij to PF. The Governatori delle Armi demands willingness to serve PF, in her demands in the matter of the Turkish slaves. But to tell the truth, Cavaliere Malaspina, (commander of the papal galleys), refuses to cooperate, and expects PF to adress him directly. Currently Malaspina is away with the ships, but he can return any day. He also made a report of the current situation, which he sent to PF.
Additional comments
Marò Aurelio Bongrazij
APF SC Barbaria 2, 40v-41r
1683-07-28
[Adressed to PF]
original: signed
Italian
Letter
907
Origin: Civitavecchia
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Nicolò Guidi di Bagno to [Francesco Ingoli], 1647-05-03, Paris
Babylon
Letter from the nuncio to France, Nicolò Guidi di Bagno, to PF mentioning, among other things, that the bishop of Babylon went to Catalonia to exercise episcopal functions, on account of the lack of bishops in that province. The nuncio says that he does not know on what authority the bishop can do that, and that he was not told anything about the matter; as on the one hand because of the bishop's absence, and on the other, because "Father Vincent" (Vincent de Paul) still has not nominated anybody for the coadjutor post, not even somebody from among his missionaries, even though he (the nuncio) has reminded him to do so several times already.
Additional comments
Nicolò Guidi di Bagno
APF SOCG 145, 37r-v, 38v
1647-05-03
Addressed to [Francesco Ingoli]
Original; signed; Italian
Italian
Letter
88
Origin: Paris
Destination: [Rome]
Letter from Pallavicino to [the PF Prefect, Paluzio Altieri], 1675-05-27, Malta.
Conversion
Malta
Ransom
Slaves (Muslim)
Tunis
Letter from Pallavicino to PF Prefect. There has been some uproar in Barbaria, because of the voluntary conversion of two girls to Christianity. Because of the orders given to him by PF on 14 July 1672, he has informed PF about the situation in a letter dated 24 August. Now the woman (who has been taken slave for the second time), has returned, he has been able to talk to her. After many conversations she was willing to convert herself to Christianity, though she still had to return to Tunis to collect her ransom of 400 "di q'ta m'ta di rame." Whilst she wanted to live with her daughters in Malta but in freedom, Pallavicino is afraid that she will not keep her word.
Date discussed: 1676-02-04
Additional comments
Pallavicino
APF SOCG 457, 227r-v, 229v
1675-05-27
Adressed to [Paluzio Altieri]
See for the earlier letter to the provicar of Tunis: APF LETTERE 59, 36r (database item 607).
For the minutes of the PF meeting where this matter was discussed, see: APF ACTA 46, 20r, 24r-25r.
Original
Italian
Letter
793
Origin: Malta
Destination: [Rome]